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Thurston County, Washington: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Thurston County is 150.1 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Non-Hodgkin lymphoma deaths at 1.3 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 810 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (351), Rail grade crossing (136), Gas station (mapped facility) (111). 3 correctional facilities operate in the county, at least one with health-based drinking water violations on record. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 46.9763, -122.8979.

How this county ranks in Washington

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Thurston County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinNew cases32.123.81.35xSignificant29.5 to 34.92019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths6.24.81.29xSignificant5.1 to 7.52020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases2318.51.24xSignificant20.8 to 25.32019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases17.914.51.23xSignificant16 to 20.12019-2023
LeukemiaDeaths6.95.71.21x5.7 to 8.22020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths2.321.15x1.7 to 3.12020-2024
EsophagusNew cases5.14.61.11x4.1 to 6.32019-2023
BladderNew cases20.618.71.1x18.6 to 22.82019-2023
All cancerNew cases495.1453.41.09xSignificant484.9 to 505.52019-2023
Lung & bronchusNew cases56.451.81.09xSignificant53.2 to 59.92019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases17.816.41.09x13.1 to 23.82019-2023
EsophagusDeaths3.93.71.05x3.1 to 4.92020-2024
All cancerDeaths150.1143.21.05xSignificant144.6 to 155.72020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths31.330.21.04x28.8 to 33.82020-2024
Liver & bile ductDeaths6.86.61.03x5.7 to 8.12020-2024
ThyroidNew cases13.3131.02x11.5 to 15.22019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.54.41.02x3.6 to 5.72020-2024
Brain & nervous systemNew cases6.26.21x5 to 7.52019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths3.43.41x2.6 to 4.32020-2024
StomachNew cases6.66.61x5.5 to 7.92019-2023
PancreasNew cases13.113.90.94x11.5 to 14.92019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases8.18.70.93x6.9 to 9.42019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases16.217.90.91x14.4 to 18.22019-2023
BladderDeaths3.74.10.9x2.9 to 4.72020-2024
PancreasDeaths9.711.30.86x8.4 to 11.22020-2024
StomachDeaths2.32.70.85x1.6 to 3.22020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Thurston County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death7,249.49,842.6-26%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy78.375.3+4%years
Child mortality49.259.8-18%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality4.96.2-21%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths7996.9-18%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths30.328.6+6%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde13.77 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride3.01 per million
  • Naphthalene2.45 per million
  • Acetaldehyde2.18 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 293 days: 274 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 27, peak 65.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

810 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit351
  • Rail grade crossing136
  • Gas station (mapped facility)111
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)69
  • Brownfield property42
  • Small hazardous waste generator31
  • Public airport11
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)11
  • Large hazardous waste generator8
  • Air permit holder (minor source)7
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)6
  • TRI reporting facility5
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)4
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)3
  • Heliport3
  • Hydroelectric plant3
  • Major air pollution source2
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Hazardous waste transporter1
  • Wind power plant1
  • Superfund (NPL) site1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Crown Cork And Seal Co Inc Olympia, Olympia

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $2,041,305.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490638 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Palermo Well Field Ground Water Contamination, Tumwater

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WA0000026534 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Crown Beverage Packaging, Olympia

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, n-Butyl alcohol, Hydrogen fluoride, Lead and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 950,514 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98507CNTNN1202F (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.1

  4. Aquatic Co, Yelm

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $74,330.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490754 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.9

  5. Aquatic Co, Yelm

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene, Methyl methacrylate. Reports carcinogens. 92,420 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98597PHLPS801NO (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.3

  6. Crown Cork And Seal Co Inc Olympia, Olympia

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $2,041,305.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490638 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  7. Crown Cork And Seal Co Inc Olympia, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $2,041,305.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490638 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  8. Aquatic Co, Yelm

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $74,330.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490754 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  9. Cardinal Cg, Tumwater

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005397267 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  10. Kloeckner Metals Corp, Tumwater

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Nickel, Chromium, Copper. Reports carcinogens. 312 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98512TMTCS3215C (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.4

  11. Temtco Steel Tumwater, Tumwater

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110029527689 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  12. Lott Wastewater Treatment Plant, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005311769 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  13. Crown Cork And Seal Co Inc Olympia, Olympia

    Small hazardous waste generator. Penalties $2,041,305.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490638 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  14. Wood & Son Surface Mine, Yelm

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $3,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110071181409 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  15. Aquatic Co, Yelm

    Small hazardous waste generator. Penalties $74,330.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000490754 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  16. Ch2o Incorporated, Olympia

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000601581 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  17. Port Of Olympia Cascade Pole Site, Olympia

    Small hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000702393 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  18. Port Of Olympia Cascade Pole Site, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000702393 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  19. Intercity Transit, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005321384 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  20. Georgia Pacific Corrugated Llc Olympia, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005321473 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  21. The Evergreen State College Evergreen Pk, Olympia

    Small hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005337466 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  22. The Evergreen State College Evergreen Pk, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005337466 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  23. Wa Dot Maple Park Dr, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005349756 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  24. Pepsi Northwest Beverages Llc, Tumwater

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005355221 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  25. Allen Auto Parts, Olympia

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110005364989 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

  • Wa Doc Cedar Creek Correctional Ctr, Littlerock

    EPA FRS registry ID
    110005358059
    Water system
    WA5311882
    Health-based violations
    3 all time, 0 in 5 years
    All violations
    18
    Contaminants cited
    Coliform (TCR)
    Wastewater permit
    Yes, 9 quarters in noncompliance

    EPA detailed facility report

  • Wa Dnr Cedar Creek Corrections Dip Tank, Littlerock

    EPA FRS registry ID
    110072049551
    Wastewater permit
    None on record

    EPA detailed facility report

  • Department Of Corrections Central Pharmacy, Centralia

    EPA FRS registry ID
    110072049971
    Wastewater permit
    None on record

    EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Thurston County

  • Washington state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Thurston County, and their findings.

  • Washington vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Washington health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Washington environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Washington drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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