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King County, Washington: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in King County is 123.2 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 4,710 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (1,703), Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility) (730), Gas station (mapped facility) (513). 3 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 47.4329, -121.8735.

How this county ranks in Washington

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for King County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinNew cases28.623.81.2xSignificant27.7 to 29.62019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases19.318.51.04x18.5 to 20.12019-2023
ThyroidNew cases13.4131.03x12.8 to 14.12019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases16.816.41.02x15 to 18.82019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases8.98.71.02x8.4 to 9.52019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases6.36.21.02x5.8 to 6.72019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases14.614.51.01x13.9 to 15.32019-2023
StomachNew cases6.66.61x6.1 to 72019-2023
ThyroidDeaths0.50.51x0.4 to 0.72020-2024
BladderNew cases18.418.70.98x17.6 to 19.22019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths4.74.80.98x4.3 to 5.12020-2024
All cancerNew cases442.6453.40.98x438.9 to 446.42019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths6.36.60.95x5.9 to 6.82020-2024
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.24.40.95x3.8 to 4.62020-2024
PancreasNew cases13.213.90.95x12.5 to 13.82019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)Deaths1.81.90.95x1.2 to 2.52020-2024
PancreasDeaths10.711.30.95x10.1 to 11.32020-2024
StomachDeaths2.52.70.93x2.2 to 2.82020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths5.15.70.89x4.7 to 5.52020-2024
All cancerDeaths123.2143.20.86x121.2 to 125.22020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths1.720.85x1.5 to 22020-2024
EsophagusNew cases3.84.60.83x3.4 to 4.22019-2023
EsophagusDeaths33.70.81x2.7 to 3.32020-2024
BladderDeaths3.34.10.8x3 to 3.72020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases14.317.90.8x13.7 to 152019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths2.73.40.79x2.4 to 32020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases4151.80.79x39.8 to 42.22019-2023
Lung & bronchusDeaths21.530.20.71x20.7 to 22.32020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for King County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death5,528.89,842.6-44%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy81.175.3+8%years
Child mortality4259.8-30%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality46.2-35%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths67.596.9-30%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths30.628.6+7%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde17.03 per million
  • Naphthalene4.1 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride3.01 per million
  • Benzene2.82 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 245 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 43, peak 97.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

4,710 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit1,703
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)730
  • Gas station (mapped facility)513
  • Rail grade crossing486
  • Small hazardous waste generator307
  • Brownfield property180
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)173
  • Large hazardous waste generator159
  • Air permit holder (minor source)153
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)68
  • TRI reporting facility60
  • Hazardous waste transporter32
  • Heliport26
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)22
  • Major air pollution source20
  • EPA air quality monitor13
  • Public airport12
  • Hydroelectric plant9
  • Superfund (NPL) site9
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter8
  • Airfield7
  • Landfill (mapped facility)6
  • Commercial airport3
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)3
  • Crematorium (mapped facility)3
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)3
  • Biomass power plant1
  • Oil-fired power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Puget Sound Coatings Machinists Inc, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $6,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110021336678 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Boeing Renton Bfe Building, Renton

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110040336767 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WA0002329803 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  4. Pacific Sound Resources, Seattle

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 70.7. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD009248287 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  5. Pacific Car & Foundry Co., Renton

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 42.3. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD009249210 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  6. Western Processing Co., Inc., Kent

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 58.6. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD009487513 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  7. Queen City Farms, Maple Valley

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 34.4. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD980511745 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  8. Midway Landfill, Kent

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 54.3. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD980638910 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  9. Quendall Terminals, Renton

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD980639215 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  10. Seattle Municipal Landfill (Kent Highlands), Kent

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 52.2. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD980639462 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  11. Harbor Island (Lead), Seattle

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 34.6. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID WAD980722839 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  12. Boeing North Boeing Field, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,750.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110017848105 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.9

  13. Nucor Steel Seattle Inc, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $2,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110015969941 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.7

  14. Boeing Fabrication Div, Auburn

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000620463 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.5

  15. Western Pneumatic Tube Co Llc, Kirkland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000489221 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.3

  16. Rexam Beverage Can Co Re: Kent Wa Facility, Kent

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, n-Butyl alcohol, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Lead. Reports carcinogens. 1,031,460 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98032MRCNN1220N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.1

  17. Saint Gobain Containers Inc, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $333,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000489659 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.8

  18. Western Pneumatic Tube Co Llc, Kirkland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: 1-Bromopropane, Hydrogen fluoride, Nitric acid, Nickel and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 374,015 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98033WSTRN8356T (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.8

  19. Shultz Distributing, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $7,188.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000897218 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.8

  20. Ash Grove Cement West Inc, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $7,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000897085 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.7

  21. Kenworth Truck Co Renton, Renton

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $27,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000489301 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.6

  22. Boeing Commercial Airplane Group - Renton, Renton

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, Methyl isobutyl ketone, Certain glycol ethers, Diethanolamine and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 160,610 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98055THBNG8THAN (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.5

  23. Puget Sound Coatings, Seattle

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Diisocyanates and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 128,995 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 98020PGTSN92208 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.4

  24. Delta Marine Industries Inc, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000897290 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.4

  25. Meltec Division Of Young Corp, Seattle

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110002150369 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.3

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for King County

  • Washington state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in King County, and their findings.

  • Washington vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Washington health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Washington environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Washington drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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