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Madison County, Virginia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Madison County is 144.4 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 56 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (34), Air permit holder (minor source) (8), Gas station (mapped facility) (6). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 38.4288, -78.2789.

How this county ranks in Virginia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Madison County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Leukemia	New cases	19.4	14.5	1.34x	10.4 to 33.1	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	28.3	23.8	1.19x	17.9 to 43	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	15	13.9	1.08x	8.6 to 25.3	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	55.8	51.8	1.08x	42.9 to 72.2	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	18.9	18.5	1.02x	11.1 to 30.7	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	144.4	143.2	1.01x	122 to 170.3	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	433.7	453.4	0.96x	392.8 to 478.3	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	25.8	30.2	0.85x	17.5 to 37.6	2020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Madison County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	7,226.8	9,842.6	-27%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	78.4	75.3	+4%	years
Child mortality	n/a	59.8	n/a	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	100.3	96.9	+3%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde18.24 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.93 per million
Acetaldehyde1.79 per million
Benzene0.97 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 330 days: 283 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 40, peak 87.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

56 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit34
Air permit holder (minor source)8
Gas station (mapped facility)6
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
EPA air quality monitor1
Brownfield property1
Small hazardous waste generator1
Industrial wastewater discharge1
TRI reporting facility1
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Madison Wood Preservers Inc., Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007322147 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Madison Wood Preservers Inc., Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium and Chromium Compounds(except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Copper compounds, Arsenic compounds, Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region). Reports carcinogens. 5 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22727MDSNWSTARR (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.1
Shenandoah NP
EPA air quality monitor.
Record ID 511130003 (U.S. EPA AirData)
Severity 3.6
Madison Wood Preservers Inc., Madison
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007322147 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Madison Wood Preservers Inc., Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007322147 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Mountain View Nursing Home, Aroda
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010914519 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Criglersville School Site , Criglersville
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071984117 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Madison Wood Preservers Inc., Madison
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110007322147 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Rapidan Baptist Camp And Conference Center, Rochelle
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010915064 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Hartland Institute, Rapidan
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010914252 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Madison Wastewater Treatment Plant, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010916848 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Woodberry Forest School, Woodberry Forest
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010916009 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Rapidan Service Authority - Madison Wtp, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070529814 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Madison Inc, Town Of, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010843374 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Phillips Dale Residence, Reva
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070597932 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Boyd Jeffrey And Young Monica Residence, Syria
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070598057 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Haynes C J Residence, Haywood
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070598764 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Dyer Ivan And Troy Residence, Etlan
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070598874 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Shifflett Roger And Browning Katherine Residen, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070599368 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Magan Daniel And Sydnie Residence, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070599476 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Mchaney Kevin M Residence, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070599569 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Sharp Joyce Residence, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070601420 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Whittaker Mitchell And Allison Residence, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070602431 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Misch Gary And Jacob Rose Residence, Syria
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070602984 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Old Rag Parking Lot, Sperryville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071501796 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Madison County

Virginia state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Madison County, and their findings.
Virginia vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Virginia health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Virginia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Virginia drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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