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Carroll County, Virginia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Carroll County is 156 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 124 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (53), Air permit holder (minor source) (26), Gas station (mapped facility) (25). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 36.7462, -80.7435.

How this county ranks in Virginia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Carroll County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Esophagus	Deaths	6.5	3.7	1.76x	3.5 to 11.6	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	8	4.6	1.74x	4.5 to 13.5	2019-2023
Bladder	Deaths	6.1	4.1	1.49x	3.6 to 10.6	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	7.7	6.2	1.24x	4 to 13.6	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	35.1	30.2	1.16x	28.5 to 43.2	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	156	143.2	1.09x	140.9 to 172.8	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	55	51.8	1.06x	46.3 to 65.2	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	6.7	6.6	1.02x	4.1 to 11.2	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	22.1	23.8	0.93x	15.7 to 30.5	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	414.3	453.4	0.91x	386.9 to 443.3	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	13	14.5	0.9x	7.8 to 20.5	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	11.6	13	0.89x	6.4 to 19.2	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	16.5	18.7	0.88x	12 to 22.6	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	13.9	18.5	0.75x	9.5 to 20.1	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	6.2	8.7	0.71x	3.7 to 10.6	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	7.8	11.3	0.69x	4.9 to 12.5	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	8.6	13.9	0.62x	5.5 to 13.6	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	9.6	17.9	0.54x	6 to 15.2	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Carroll County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,357.7	9,842.6	+5%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	74.6	75.3	-1%	years
Child mortality	43.7	59.8	-27%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	94.8	96.9	-2%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	22.7	28.6	-21%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde15.82 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.77 per million
Acetaldehyde1.42 per million
Benzene0.7 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 60 days: 60 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 7, peak 19.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

124 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit53
Air permit holder (minor source)26
Gas station (mapped facility)25
Brownfield property4
Small hazardous waste generator4
Public airport3
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
Hydroelectric plant2
EPA air quality monitor1
Commercial airport1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

I-77 Exit 1 Wwtp, Lambsburg
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $32,617.
EPA FRS registry ID 110035773124 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Hillsville Wwtp, Hillsville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110015744952 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Ivanhoe Industrial Park, Ivanhoe
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110038742279 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Hillsville Theater, Hillsville
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071977681 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
707 North Main, Hillsville
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071977682 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Hillsville Hotel, Hillsville
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071982186 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Carroll-Grayson Galax Solid Waste Authority, Hillsville
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110046104452 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Brandscome Hillsvile Site Plan, Hillsviille
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,145.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071499436 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Skyland Lakes Development, Fancy Gap
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,145.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071513628 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Tractor Supply Hillsville, Hillsville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $6,472.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071945744 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Viele-Reed Stp, Fancy Gap
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010844239 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Whitney Lane Apartments, Galax
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070600375 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Twin County, Galax Hillsville
Commercial airport. O.
Record ID HLX (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Water Plant of Hillsville, Hillsville
Wastewater plant (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/1460731660 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Landfill
Landfill (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/664868868 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Hills Coal Co Inc, Galax
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006849036 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Honeywell - Gossan Mine Site, Galax
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009767528 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Loves Travel Stop 399 - Lambsburg, Lambsburg
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110042325276 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Proklean Car Wash, Cana
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070564260 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Utts Campground Stp, Fancy Gap
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070601011 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Lee Sara Knit Products, Hillsville
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008190616 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Johnson Jeff Chevrolet Olds, Hillsville
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008200847 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Olde Mill Golf Resort, Laurel Fork
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009767396 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Hillsville Wtp, Hillsville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009767608 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Blue Ridge Concrete Products, Inc., Cana
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110012168304 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Carroll County

Virginia state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Carroll County, and their findings.
Virginia vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Virginia health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Virginia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Virginia drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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