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Oswego County, New York: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Oswego County is 166.5 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Esophagus deaths at 1.8 times the U.S. rate and Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.5 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 557 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (172), Rail grade crossing (93), Large hazardous waste generator (61). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.4309, -76.2155.

How this county ranks in New York

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Oswego County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Lung & bronchusNew cases96.651.81.86xSignificant89.7 to 103.92019-2023
EsophagusDeaths6.83.71.84xSignificant5 to 92020-2024
EsophagusNew cases7.84.61.7xSignificant6 to 10.12019-2023
BladderNew cases28.118.71.5xSignificant24.4 to 32.32019-2023
Lung & bronchusDeaths45.330.21.5xSignificant40.7 to 50.42020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases25.717.91.44xSignificant22 to 29.92019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases8.76.21.4xSignificant6.4 to 11.42019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases2116.41.28x13 to 32.22019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases18.214.51.26xSignificant15.1 to 21.72019-2023
All cancerNew cases554.3453.41.22xSignificant537.1 to 571.92019-2023
PancreasNew cases16.513.91.19x13.8 to 19.82019-2023
All cancerDeaths166.5143.21.16xSignificant157.2 to 176.22020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases20.918.51.13x17.7 to 24.62019-2023
BladderDeaths4.54.11.1x3.1 to 6.32020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths65.71.05x4.2 to 8.22020-2024
StomachNew cases6.86.61.03x5 to 92019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths4.94.81.02x3.4 to 6.82020-2024
Melanoma of the skinNew cases23.323.80.98x19.9 to 27.32019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases8.48.70.97x6.5 to 10.92019-2023
PancreasDeaths10.911.30.96x8.7 to 13.62020-2024
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.24.40.95x2.8 to 62020-2024
Liver & bile ductDeaths5.96.60.89x4.3 to 82020-2024
ThyroidNew cases11.5130.88x8.8 to 14.72019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths2.43.40.71x1.5 to 3.92020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Oswego County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death9,165.39,842.6-7%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy76.275.3+1%years
Child mortality48.459.8-19%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality6.76.2+9%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths74.396.9-23%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths33.228.6+16%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde12.68 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride3.01 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.32 per million
  • Benzene1.17 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 328 days: 319 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 34, peak 80.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

557 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit172
  • Rail grade crossing93
  • Large hazardous waste generator61
  • Air permit holder (minor source)48
  • Brownfield property48
  • Gas station (mapped facility)40
  • Small hazardous waste generator29
  • Hydroelectric plant9
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)8
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter7
  • Major air pollution source6
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)5
  • Solar power plant4
  • Public airport3
  • Hazardous waste transporter3
  • TRI reporting facility3
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)3
  • Landfill (mapped facility)2
  • Gas power plant2
  • Nuclear power plant2
  • Superfund (NPL) site2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
  • Heliport1
  • Battery storage plant1
  • Biomass power plant1
  • Oil-fired power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Pollution Abatement Services, Oswego

    Superfund (NPL) site. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NYD000511659 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Volney Municipal Landfill, Town Of Volney

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 32.9. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NYD980509376 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Novelis Corp, Oswego

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Chlorine, Aluminum (fume or dust), Manganese and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 313,134 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 13126LCNRLLAKER (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.7

  4. Novelis Aluminum Mill, Oswego

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $11,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000325407 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.2

  5. Interface Solutions Inc, Fulton

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $72,600.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000582637 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  6. Phoenix (V) Stp, Phoenix

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010710249 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  7. Eastside Wastewater Treatment Plant, Oswego

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019768296 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  8. Oswego (C) West Side Wwtf, Oswego

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110040004955 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  9. Felix Schoeller Technical Papers, Pulaski

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000325443 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  10. Felix Schoeller Technical Papers, Pulaski

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000325443 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  11. Riverview Business Park, Fulton

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110006826408 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  12. Oswego Harbor Power, Oswego

    Oil-fired power plant.

    Record ID 2594 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)

    Severity 5.6

  13. Novelis Aluminum Mill, Oswego

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $11,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000325407 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  14. Sleepy Hollow Sd, Oswego

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $12,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110006702256 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  15. Parish (V) Wwtp, Parish

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $18,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110009827081 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  16. Oswego County Airport Taxiway B & D Rehabilitation, Fulton

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,390.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019768651 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  17. Hastings Asphalt Plant, Hastings

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,390.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110033203361 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  18. Fred'S Used Auto Parts, Oswego

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $3,760.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110056155985 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  19. Oswego Harbor Power, Oswego

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene. Reports carcinogens. 14 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 13126NGRMH261WA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.4

  20. Fulton (C) Stp, Fulton

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $12,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110040004802 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  21. Novelis Aluminum Mill, Oswego

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $11,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000325407 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  22. Novelis Aluminum Mill, Oswego

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $11,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000325407 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  23. Interface Solutions Inc, Fulton

    Air permit holder (minor source). Penalties $72,600.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000582637 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  24. Hastings Asphalt Plant, Hastings

    Air permit holder (minor source). Penalties $1,390.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110033203361 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  25. City Of Oswego Wastewater, Oswego

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110064676275 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Oswego County

  • New York state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Oswego County, and their findings.

  • New York vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • New York health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • New York environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • New York drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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