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Madison County, Kentucky: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Madison County is 185 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Bladder deaths at 1.8 times the U.S. rate and Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 517 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (207), Industrial wastewater discharge (164), Gas station (mapped facility) (51). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 37.7167, -84.291.

How this county ranks in Kentucky

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Madison County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Bladder	Deaths	7.4	4.1	1.8xSignificant	5.2 to 10.3	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	50.3	30.2	1.67xSignificant	44.3 to 56.8	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	76.5	51.8	1.48xSignificant	69.1 to 84.4	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	New cases	8.7	6.2	1.4xSignificant	6.3 to 11.8	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	4.7	3.4	1.38x	3 to 7.1	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	185	143.2	1.29xSignificant	173.2 to 197.4	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	30.3	23.8	1.27xSignificant	25.5 to 35.8	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	6.1	4.8	1.27x	4.2 to 8.7	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	23.3	18.5	1.26xSignificant	19.3 to 28	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	22.2	18.7	1.19x	18.2 to 26.8	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	528.5	453.4	1.17xSignificant	508.4 to 549.3	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	20.8	17.9	1.16x	16.9 to 25.2	2019-2023
Esophagus	New cases	5.3	4.6	1.15x	3.5 to 7.6	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	16.3	14.5	1.12x	12.8 to 20.5	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	6.4	5.7	1.12x	4.3 to 9.2	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	7.2	6.6	1.09x	5 to 10	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	13.9	13	1.07x	10.7 to 17.9	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	4.7	4.4	1.07x	3 to 7	2020-2024
Esophagus	Deaths	3.9	3.7	1.05x	2.4 to 6.2	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	10.8	11.3	0.96x	8.1 to 14.1	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	6.2	6.6	0.94x	4.3 to 8.8	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	12	13.9	0.86x	9.2 to 15.4	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	6.9	8.7	0.79x	4.9 to 9.6	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Madison County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	11,055.1	9,842.6	+12%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	73.8	75.3	-2%	years
Child mortality	34.2	59.8	-43%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	3.9	6.2	-37%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	115.7	96.9	+19%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	78.8	28.6	+176%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde18.78 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.91 per million
Acetaldehyde2.05 per million
Benzene1.05 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

517 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit207
Industrial wastewater discharge164
Gas station (mapped facility)51
Rail grade crossing22
Small hazardous waste generator12
TRI reporting facility10
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)10
Air permit holder (minor source)7
Major air pollution source6
Large hazardous waste generator6
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)5
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)3
Brownfield property2
Large greenhouse gas emitter2
Heliport2
Landfill (mapped facility)2
EPA air quality monitor1
Airfield1
Public airport1
Commercial airport1
Dry cleaner (mapped facility)1
Hazardous waste transporter1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Novelis, Berea
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Aluminum (fume or dust), Manganese, Copper and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 382,045 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40403LCNRC302MA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.8
Us Army Blue Grass Army Depot, Richmond
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers), Dibutyl phthalate, Nitroglycerin, Lead And Lead Compounds and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 299,050 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40475SRMYB2091K (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.7
Sherwin-Williams Co, Richmond
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, Xylene (mixed isomers), Methyl methacrylate, Methyl isobutyl ketone and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 105,623 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40475THSHRBOGGS (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.4
Agc Flat Glass N America Inc, Richmond
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110003253121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.4
Bluegrass Army Depot, Richmond
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064109771 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.3
Alcan Aluminum Corp, Berea
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000379135 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.9
Enersys Delaware Inc., Richmond
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Lead compounds, Antimony And Antimony Compounds, Arsenic. Reports carcinogens. 861 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40475XDCRP876RI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.8
Hitachi Astemo Americas Inc. - Berea Ky, Berea
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, Chromium and Chromium Compounds(except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region). 70,553 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40403TKCSN301MA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.7
Agc Flat Glass N America Inc, Richmond
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110003253121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Hitachi Astemo Americas Inc, Berea
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000741537 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Hyster Yale Materials Handling Inc., Berea
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Nickel, Lead, Ethylene glycol. Reports carcinogens. 276 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40403HYSTRPOBOX (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.4
Enersys Delaware Inc, Richmond
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $85,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000379279 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Agc Flat Glass N America Inc, Richmond
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110003253121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Agc Flat Glass N America Inc, Richmond
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110003253121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Richmond Auto Parts Technology, Richmond
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Siloxanes and Silicones, (3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl)oxy Me, hydroxy Me, Me octyl, ethers with polyethylene glycol mono-Me ether, Nickel, Phosphorus (yellow or white), Chromium and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. Reports PFAS.
TRI facility ID 40475RCHMN5CRPR (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6
Sherwin Williams Auto Finishes, Richmond
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002447594 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Agc Flat Glass N America Inc, Richmond
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110003253121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Okonite Company The, Richmond
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008359551 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.4
Motor Wheel Llc, Berea
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Nickel, Copper, Chromium and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 6 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40403MTRWHGLADE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.1
Hyster-Yale Group Inc, Berea
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001305524 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.1
Okonite Co Inc, Richmond
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper, Zinc compounds, Antimony compounds, Lead compounds. 403 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 40475THKNTROUTE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5
Bluegrass Army Depot, Richmond
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064109771 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Agc Flat Glass N America Inc, Richmond
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Selenium, Ammonia. 182 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 4047WGCFLT21DUN (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.7
Motor Wheel Commercial Vehicle Systems Inc., Berea
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110013883468 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.4
Challenge Richmond Llc, Richmond
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $6,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110003240993 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Madison County

Kentucky state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Madison County, and their findings.
Kentucky vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Kentucky health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Kentucky environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Kentucky drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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