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Solano County, California: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Solano County is 143.2 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Liver & bile duct deaths at 1.3 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 1,512 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (528), Small hazardous waste generator (455), Rail grade crossing (119). 2 correctional facilities operate in the county, at least one with health-based drinking water violations on record. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 38.2855, -121.9018.

How this county ranks in California

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Solano County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Thyroid	Deaths	0.7	0.5	1.4x	0.4 to 1.1	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	8.8	6.6	1.33xSignificant	7.8 to 10	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	10.6	8.7	1.22xSignificant	9.4 to 11.9	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	5.1	4.4	1.16x	4.3 to 6.1	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	7.3	6.6	1.11x	6.3 to 8.5	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	20	18.5	1.08x	18.3 to 21.8	2019-2023
Stomach	Deaths	2.8	2.7	1.04x	2.2 to 3.6	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	143.2	143.2	1x	138.7 to 147.7	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	6.2	6.2	1x	5.3 to 7.3	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	5.7	5.7	1x	4.8 to 6.7	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	23.8	23.8	1x	21.9 to 25.7	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	4.8	4.8	1x	4 to 5.7	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	17.7	17.9	0.99x	16.1 to 19.4	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	10.9	11.3	0.96x	9.7 to 12.2	2020-2024
Thyroid	New cases	12.5	13	0.96x	11.1 to 14	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	3.2	3.4	0.94x	2.6 to 3.9	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	424	453.4	0.94x	416.1 to 431.9	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	12.7	13.9	0.91x	11.4 to 14.1	2019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)	New cases	14.8	16.4	0.9x	11.4 to 19.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	26.3	30.2	0.87x	24.4 to 28.3	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	44.4	51.8	0.86x	41.9 to 46.9	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	Deaths	1.7	2	0.85x	1.3 to 2.3	2020-2024
Esophagus	Deaths	3.1	3.7	0.84x	2.5 to 3.8	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	15.1	18.7	0.81x	13.6 to 16.6	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	11.5	14.5	0.79x	10.2 to 13	2019-2023
Bladder	Deaths	3.2	4.1	0.78x	2.5 to 3.9	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	3.4	4.6	0.74x	2.8 to 4.2	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Solano County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	7,384.6	9,842.6	-25%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	78.8	75.3	+5%	years
Child mortality	44.9	59.8	-25%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	4.8	6.2	-22%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	72.4	96.9	-25%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	24.8	28.6	-13%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde21.56 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.96 per million
Acetaldehyde2.49 per million
Naphthalene1.86 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 356 days: 353 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 33, peak 61.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,512 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit528
Small hazardous waste generator455
Rail grade crossing119
Industrial wastewater discharge100
Large hazardous waste generator93
Hazardous waste transporter89
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)21
Air permit holder (minor source)17
TRI reporting facility16
Major air pollution source14
Wind power plant12
Large greenhouse gas emitter10
Solar power plant9
Gas power plant8
Brownfield property5
EPA air quality monitor4
Commercial airport2
Correctional facility (prison or jail)2
Heliport2
Biomass power plant2
Superfund (NPL) site2
Public airport1
Battery storage plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Valero Benicia Asphalt Plant, Benicia
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $4,159,550.
EPA FRS registry ID 110033145353 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 10
Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research/Old Campus Landfill (USDOE), Davis
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.
EPA site ID CA2890190000 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Travis Air Force Base, Solano County
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 29.5. NPL Site.
EPA site ID CA5570024575 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Anheuser-Busch Llc - Fairfield Brewery, Fairfield
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $174,813.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482825 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 9.9
Valero Refining Co-Cali Fornia Benicia Refinery, Benicia
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Ammonia, Carbonyl sulfide, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,743,335 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 94510XXNCS3400E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.4
Ball Metal Beverage Container Corp, Fairfield
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, n-Butyl alcohol, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Lead. Reports carcinogens. 509,216 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 94533BLLPC2400H (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.9
Ardagh Metal Beverage Usa Inc Re: Fairfield Plant, Fairfield
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, n-Butyl alcohol, Manganese, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 277,473 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 94533MRCNN2433C (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.7
Ardagh Metal Packaging, Fairfield
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482816 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 8
Ball Metal Beverage Container Corp, Fairfield
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000498051 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.8
Us Dod Usaf Travis Afb, Travis Afb
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $21,024.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002146767 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.8
Valero Benicia Asphalt Plant, Benicia
Major air pollution source. Penalties $39,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482772 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.5
Anheuser-Busch Llc - Fairfield Brewery, Fairfield
Major air pollution source. Penalties $174,813.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482825 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.5
Potrero Hills Landfill, Suisun City
Major air pollution source. Penalties $111,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017973193 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.5
Valero Benicia Asphalt Plant, Benicia
Major air pollution source. Penalties $4,159,550.
EPA FRS registry ID 110033145353 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.5
Univar Solutions Usa, Fairfield
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Xylene (mixed isomers), n-Hexane, Toluene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,191 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 94533SHLND2461C (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.1
Anheuser-Busch Llc - Fairfield Brewery, Fairfield
Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $174,813.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482825 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Anheuser-Busch Llc - Fairfield Brewery, Fairfield
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $174,813.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482825 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Potrero Hills Landfill, Suisun City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $111,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017973193 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Valero Benicia Asphalt Plant, Benicia
Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $4,159,550.
EPA FRS registry ID 110033145353 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Valero Benicia Asphalt Plant, Benicia
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $4,159,550.
EPA FRS registry ID 110033145353 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Universal Propulsion Company, Inc, Fairfield
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110013286112 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.9
Alza Corp, Vacaville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Dichloromethane, Methanol, Chloroform, Nicotine and salts. Reports carcinogens. 1,068 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 95688LZCRP700EU (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.8
Anheuser-Busch Llc - Fairfield Brewery, Fairfield
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide. 68,491 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 94533NHSRB3101B (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.7
U.S. Dod Usaf Travis Afb, Travis Afb
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Naphthalene, Ethylbenzene. Reports carcinogens. 489 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 94535SDDSR420AI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.6
Anheuser-Busch Llc - Fairfield Brewery, Fairfield
Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $174,813.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000482825 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

California State Prison - Solano, Vacaville
EPA FRS registry ID
110013171735
Water system
CA4810800
Health-based violations
4 all time, 0 in 5 years
All violations
4
Contaminants cited
Coliform (TCR), Surface Water Treatment Rule, TTHM
Wastewater permit
Yes
EPA detailed facility report
Solar Panel Cal State Prison Solano, Vacaville
EPA FRS registry ID
x8d5daaa14c41313f9a853f085a5be4da
Wastewater permit
Yes
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Solano County

California state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Solano County, and their findings.
California vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
California health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
California environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
California drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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