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Lake County, California: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Lake County is 169.6 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Liver & bile duct deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate and Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.2 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 243 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (76), Small hazardous waste generator (61), Hazardous waste transporter (23). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 39.1258, -122.793.

How this county ranks in California

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Lake County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	10.9	6.6	1.65xSignificant	8.3 to 14.3	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	Deaths	3.2	2	1.6x	1.8 to 5.4	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	13.6	8.7	1.56xSignificant	10.6 to 17.3	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	5.6	4.4	1.27x	3.7 to 8.3	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	8.2	6.6	1.24x	5.7 to 11.6	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	4.1	3.4	1.21x	2.5 to 6.4	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	36	30.2	1.19xSignificant	31.3 to 41.5	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	169.6	143.2	1.18xSignificant	158.5 to 181.4	2020-2024
Bladder	Deaths	4.7	4.1	1.15x	3.1 to 7	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	7.1	6.2	1.15x	4.8 to 10.2	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	58.2	51.8	1.12xSignificant	51.9 to 65.2	2019-2023
Esophagus	Deaths	4	3.7	1.08x	2.3 to 6.5	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	25	23.8	1.05x	20.8 to 30	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	18.2	18.7	0.97x	14.8 to 22.4	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	5.5	5.7	0.96x	3.7 to 8.1	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	13.9	14.5	0.96x	10.6 to 18.1	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	428.4	453.4	0.94x	409.6 to 447.8	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	4.3	4.8	0.9x	2.8 to 6.6	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	4	4.6	0.87x	2.5 to 6.2	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	14.8	17.9	0.83x	11.3 to 19.1	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	11.1	13.9	0.8x	8.4 to 14.5	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	9	11.3	0.8x	6.6 to 12	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	12.5	18.5	0.68x	9.6 to 16	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	6.3	13	0.48x	4 to 9.6	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Lake County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	12,236.9	9,842.6	+24%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	74.1	75.3	-2%	years
Child mortality	40.1	59.8	-33%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	5.3	6.2	-14%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	179.3	96.9	+85%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	86.4	28.6	+202%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde21.92 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.79 per million
Acetaldehyde2.7 per million
Naphthalene1.52 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 363 days: 360 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 31, peak 74.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

243 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit76
Small hazardous waste generator61
Hazardous waste transporter23
Gas station (mapped facility)22
Industrial wastewater discharge18
Large hazardous waste generator9
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)7
EPA air quality monitor4
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)4
Brownfield property3
Public airport2
Heliport2
Geothermal plant2
Hydroelectric plant2
Major air pollution source1
Air permit holder (minor source)1
Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Superfund (NPL) site1
TRI reporting facility1
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, Clear Lake
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 44.4. NPL Site.
EPA site ID CAD980893275 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Granite Construction Co - Highway 175, Lakeport
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene. Reports carcinogens. 777 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 9545WGRNTC422ST (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.7
Granite Construction Company, Lakeport
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070451881 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.1
Lake County Waste Solutions, Lakeport
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002801077 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Ncpa Plant 2 Unit 4, Windsor
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110022483908 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Red Elephant Mine, Lower Lake
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071979019 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Jewess Mine, Middletown
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071982992 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Plymouth Mine, Middletown
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071982993 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Pacific Bell, Clearlake Oaks
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002946830 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Pacific Bell, Cobb
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008292766 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Pacific Bell, Nice
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008292873 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Pacific Bell, Clearlake
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008295950 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Abbott & Turkey Run Mines Stabilization, Clearlake
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110038886097 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Cvs Pharmacy No 9943, Lakeport
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055523134 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Rite Aid #6026, Clearlake
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110061055860 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Lauenroth Trucking, Kelseyville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110065786590 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Bear Canyon Power Plant, Middletown
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110069394097 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
School Bus Garage, Kelseyville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070088822 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Upper Lake Unified School District, Upper Lake
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070096790 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Lakeport-S. Main Street, Lakeport
EPA air quality monitor.
Record ID 060333002 (U.S. EPA AirData)
Severity 2.7
Eastlake Sanitary Landfill, Clearlake
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017966218 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Lake County Waste Solutions, Lakeport
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002801077 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Shambhala, Kelseyville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070090381 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Lampson Fld, Lakeport
Public airport. O.
Record ID 1O2 (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Gravelly Valley, Upper Lake
Public airport. O.
Record ID 1Q5 (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Lake County Correctional Facility, Lakeport
EPA FRS registry ID
110070469480
Wastewater permit
None on record
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Lake County

California state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Lake County, and their findings.
California vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
California health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
California environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
California drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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