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Carbon County, Wyoming: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Carbon County is 126.5 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 170 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (68), Rail grade crossing (22), Air permit holder (minor source) (18). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 10 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 41.7034, -106.7912.

How this county ranks in Wyoming

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Carbon County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Lung & bronchus	New cases	48	51.8	0.93x	34.6 to 65.3	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	27.2	30.2	0.9x	17.8 to 40.5	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	400.9	453.4	0.88x	359.9 to 445.5	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	126.5	143.2	0.88x	104.5 to 152	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	15.3	18.7	0.82x	8.6 to 25.9	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Carbon County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	9,503.6	9,842.6	-3%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	75.8	75.3	+1%	years
Child mortality	n/a	59.8	n/a	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	105.9	96.9	+9%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	25.1	28.6	-12%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 10 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde8.64 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.4 per million
Benzene0.58 per million
Acetaldehyde0.56 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 362 days: 362 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 8, peak 43.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

170 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit68
Rail grade crossing22
Air permit holder (minor source)18
Brownfield property12
Hazardous waste transporter9
Major air pollution source7
Wind power plant6
EPA air quality monitor4
Public airport4
Commercial airport3
Small hazardous waste generator3
TRI reporting facility3
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)3
Large hazardous waste generator2
Hydroelectric plant2
Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Heliport1
Gas power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Hf Sinclair Parco Refining Co Llc, Sinclair
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $431,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000468093 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 10
Hf Sinclair Parco Refining Llc, Sinclair
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Xylene (mixed isomers), Ammonia and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,517,227 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 82334SNCLREASTL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.2
Echo Springs Gas Plant, Carbon
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Hexane, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene (mixed isomers) and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 40,537 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 8230WCHSPRSECTI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8
Hf Sinclair Parco Refining Co Llc, Sinclair
Major air pollution source. Penalties $431,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000468093 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.5
Hf Sinclair Parco Refining Co Llc, Sinclair
Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $431,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000468093 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Hf Sinclair Parco Refining Co Llc, Sinclair
Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $431,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000468093 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Echo Springs Gas Plant, Carbon
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110040914794 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.9
Peak Asphalt Llc Rawlins Plant, Rawlins
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 9 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 82301CRWNS1523E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.3
Sunmark Expl Co Echo Springs Fed 1-1, Unk
Major air pollution source. Penalties $7,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009449720 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Baggs Wastewater Lagoons, Baggs
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055169428 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
City Of Rawlins Wastewater Treatment Facility, Rawlins
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055177918 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Bailey Dome, Unknown
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055200198 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Asphalt Plant And Recycle Area, Rawlins
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055207413 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Mahoney Unit, (Unknown City)
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055191787 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Peak Asphalt Llc - Rawlins Plant, Rawlins
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002136171 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Saratoga National Fish Hatchery, Saratoga
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055164030 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Cooper Cove Md Unit, (Unknown City)
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055176544 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Town Of Dixon Wastewater Treatment Lagoon, Dixon
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055197656 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Rawlins Municipal Airport, A.K.A. Harvey Field, Rawlins
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064420540 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Louisiana-Pacific Saratoga Sawmill, Saratoga
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001933418 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Riner Station (Southern Star Central Gas Pipeline), Rawlins
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007335446 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Cig Rawlins Station, Rawlins
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007902993 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Bunker Hill Compressor Station (Black Hills Wyoming Gas), Lamont
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110044358879 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Doty Mountain Compressor Station (Us Realm Ventures), Carbon County
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110046461565 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Saratoga Wastewater Lagoons, Saratoga
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055197558 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Wyo Dept Of Corrections-State Pen, Rawlins
EPA FRS registry ID
110007901048
Wastewater permit
None on record
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Carbon County

Wyoming state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Carbon County, and their findings.
Wyoming vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Wyoming health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Wyoming environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Wyoming drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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