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Sauk County, Wisconsin: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Sauk County is 165.1 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Kidney & renal pelvis deaths at 1.9 times the U.S. rate and Leukemia deaths at 1.6 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 342 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (140), Rail grade crossing (66), Gas station (mapped facility) (44). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.3936, -89.8964.

How this county ranks in Wisconsin

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Sauk County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	6.3	3.4	1.85xSignificant	4.3 to 9.1	2020-2024
Leukemia	Deaths	9.2	5.7	1.61xSignificant	6.6 to 12.7	2020-2024
Thyroid	New cases	18.3	13	1.41xSignificant	14 to 23.6	2019-2023
Esophagus	New cases	6.2	4.6	1.35x	4 to 9.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	39.2	30.2	1.3xSignificant	33.7 to 45.4	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	18.6	14.5	1.28xSignificant	14.7 to 23.4	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	16.9	13.9	1.22x	13.3 to 21.3	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	New cases	7.5	6.2	1.21x	5 to 10.9	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	13.4	11.3	1.19x	10.2 to 17.3	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	21.2	17.9	1.18x	17 to 26.3	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	21.9	18.5	1.18x	17.6 to 27	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	60.2	51.8	1.16xSignificant	53.4 to 67.8	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	165.1	143.2	1.15xSignificant	153.4 to 177.5	2020-2024
Stomach	Deaths	3.1	2.7	1.15x	1.7 to 5.3	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	26.9	23.8	1.13x	22.1 to 32.6	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	4.9	4.4	1.11x	2.9 to 7.7	2020-2024
Bladder	Deaths	4.5	4.1	1.1x	2.8 to 7.1	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	490.1	453.4	1.08xSignificant	469.2 to 511.9	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	5	4.8	1.04x	3.1 to 7.7	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	18.9	18.7	1.01x	15 to 23.5	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	6.6	6.6	1x	4.5 to 9.4	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	7.2	8.7	0.83x	4.8 to 10.3	2019-2023
Stomach	New cases	5.3	6.6	0.8x	3.4 to 8	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Sauk County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	7,554.5	9,842.6	-23%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	77.7	75.3	+3%	years
Child mortality	45.5	59.8	-24%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	5.5	6.2	-12%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	105.7	96.9	+9%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	29.1	28.6	+2%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde14.3 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.96 per million
Acetaldehyde1.42 per million
Benzene1 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 276 good, 6 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 35, peak 167.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

342 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit140
Rail grade crossing66
Gas station (mapped facility)44
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)16
TRI reporting facility15
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)12
Brownfield property11
Small hazardous waste generator8
Public airport6
Large hazardous waste generator5
Major air pollution source3
Air permit holder (minor source)3
Commercial airport2
Heliport2
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
EPA air quality monitor1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Hazardous waste transporter1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Hydroelectric plant1
Scrapyard (mapped facility)1
Superfund (NPL) site1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Sauk County Landfill, Excelsior
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 34.2. NPL Site.
EPA site ID WID980610141 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Seneca Foods Corp, Baraboo
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, Xylene (mixed isomers), n-Butyl alcohol, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 444,395 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 53913SNCFD801SA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.8
Milwaukee Valve Co Llc, Prairie Du Sac
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Copper, Lead And Lead Compounds, Nickel and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 51,030 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 53578MLWKV1075W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.1
Custom Pultrusions Inc., Baraboo
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 38,353 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5391WTLPLS1315L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8
Grede Foundries, Reedsburg
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Copper, Chromium, Nickel and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,010 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 53959GRDFN700AS (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.8
Custom Pultrusions Inc, Baraboo
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017841807 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.8
Coating Place Inc. Sauk City, Sauk City
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol. 28,893 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 53583WSCNS1225W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.4
Seneca Foods Corp, Baraboo
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000420410 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.2
Cardinal Rotar, Spring Green
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Chromium. Reports carcinogens. 154 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 53588RTRNC1277E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.2
Coating Place Llc, Sauk City
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002038027 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Milwaukee Valve Company Llc, Prairie Du Sac
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000419994 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.7
Seats Inc, Reedsburg
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Nickel compounds, Chromium, Nickel And Nickel Compounds. Reports carcinogens. 39 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 53959STSNC1515I (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.7
Baraboo Water Resource Recovery Facility, Baraboo
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002084155 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Cardinal Glass, Spring Green
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 19 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5358WCRDNL111EM (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.5
Cardinal Glass, Spring Green
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 14 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5358WCRDNL131EH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.4
Grede Llc - Reedsburg Facility, Reedsburg
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000420606 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.1
Saputo Cheese Usa Inc - Reedsburg, Reedsburg
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000494359 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Reedsburg Wastewater Treatment Facility, Reedsburg
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002061553 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
DEVILS LAKE PARK
EPA air quality monitor.
Record ID 551110007 (U.S. EPA AirData)
Severity 4.9
Cardinal Rotar, Spring Green
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110012178632 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.7
Teel Plastics Llc, Baraboo
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 5391WTLPLS16TEE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.6
Maize N Bacon Inc, Sauk City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010885550 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Hill Point Sanitary District Wastewater Treatment Facility, Hillpoint
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010885836 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Custom Pultrusions Inc, Baraboo
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017841807 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Baraboo Sanitary District 1, Baraboo
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070927193 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Sauk County

Wisconsin state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Sauk County, and their findings.
Wisconsin vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Wisconsin health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Wisconsin environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Wisconsin drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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