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Lincoln County, Wisconsin: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Lincoln County is 155.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 195 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (86), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (35), Gas station (mapped facility) (22). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 45.3385, -89.7353.

How this county ranks in Wisconsin

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Lincoln County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	29.7	17.9	1.66xSignificant	22.5 to 38.8	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	7.2	4.8	1.5x	4 to 12.4	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	9.2	6.6	1.39x	5.4 to 15	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	24.8	18.7	1.33x	18.6 to 32.9	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	23.9	18.5	1.29x	17.3 to 32.5	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	16.4	13	1.26x	10 to 25.3	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	17.2	14.5	1.19x	11.4 to 25.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	33.9	30.2	1.12x	27 to 42.5	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	504.2	453.4	1.11xSignificant	473.5 to 536.7	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	57.6	51.8	1.11x	48.4 to 68.4	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	25.9	23.8	1.09x	19.4 to 34.3	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	155.3	143.2	1.08x	139.4 to 172.8	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	7.1	6.6	1.08x	4.1 to 12	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	8.6	8.7	0.99x	5.1 to 14.1	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	9.9	11.3	0.88x	6.4 to 15.2	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	10.3	13.9	0.74x	6.7 to 15.6	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Lincoln County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	8,877.3	9,842.6	-10%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	75.9	75.3	+1%	years
Child mortality	72.7	59.8	+22%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	90.2	96.9	-7%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde10.77 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
Acetaldehyde1.17 per million
Benzene0.89 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

195 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Rail grade crossing86
NPDES wastewater discharge permit35
Gas station (mapped facility)22
Public airport6
Brownfield property6
Major air pollution source5
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)5
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)4
Large hazardous waste generator4
Hydroelectric plant4
TRI reporting facility4
Air permit holder (minor source)3
Small hazardous waste generator3
Commercial airport2
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Hazardous waste transporter1
Heliport1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Gas power plant1
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Packaging Corp Of Ameri Ca, Tomahawk
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Manganese compounds, Phenol and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 3,218,522 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 54487NKSPCN9090 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.5
Packaging Corporation Of America-Tomahawk, Tomahawk
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422267 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 8.9
Harley-Davidson Tomahawk Kaphaem Facility, Tomahawk
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Diisocyanates, n-Butyl alcohol. 35,267 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5448WHRLYD611KA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.5
H-D Motor Co-Tomahawk Somo, Tomahawk
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Diisocyanates, n-Butyl alcohol, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Xylene (mixed isomers). 34,238 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 54487HRLYD426ES (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.5
Samuel Son & Co (Usa) Inc., Tomahawk
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Nickel, Manganese. Reports carcinogens. 230 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 54487NRTHL11194 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.3
Louisiana-Pacific Corporation-Tomahawk, Tomahawk
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000594214 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.1
Packaging Corporation Of America-Tomahawk, Tomahawk
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422267 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.8
Samuel, Son & Co. (Usa) Inc. D/B/A Samuel Pressure Vessel Group- Tomahawk, Tomahawk
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422276 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Packaging Corporation Of America-Tomahawk, Tomahawk
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422267 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Packaging Corporation Of America-Tomahawk, Tomahawk
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422267 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Northern Wire Llc, Merrill
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001130927 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.4
Lincoln Wood Products, Merrill
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010409968 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Tomahawk Waterworks, Tomahawk
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010889048 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Northern Wire Llc, Merrill
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds. 29 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 54452NRTHR1100T (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.1
Harley Davidson Motor Company-Tomahawk S, Tomahawk
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422258 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Merrill City Of, Merrill
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002051494 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Harley Davidson Motor Company-Tomahawk S, Tomahawk
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422258 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Harley Davidson Motor Company-Tomahawk S, Tomahawk
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422258 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Samuel, Son & Co. (Usa) Inc. D/B/A Samuel Pressure Vessel Group- Tomahawk, Tomahawk
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000422276 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Louisiana-Pacific Corporation-Tomahawk, Tomahawk
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000594214 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Interflex Group, Merrill
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000855860 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Agra Industries Inc, Merrill
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002036350 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Town Of Russell Sanitary District #1 Wwtf, Gleason
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010887326 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Harley-Davidson Tomahawk Kaphaem Facility, Tomahawk
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110012180488 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Packaging Of America Tomahawk Mill, Tomahawk
Gas power plant.
Record ID 50476 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 3

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Lincoln County

Wisconsin state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Lincoln County, and their findings.
Wisconsin vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Wisconsin health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Wisconsin environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Wisconsin drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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