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Green Lake County, Wisconsin: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Green Lake County is 158.9 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 78 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (39), Rail grade crossing (17), Gas station (mapped facility) (6). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.8076, -89.0268.

How this county ranks in Wisconsin

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Green Lake County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Pancreas	New cases	22.2	13.9	1.6xSignificant	15.1 to 32.1	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	17.1	11.3	1.51x	11.2 to 25.8	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	22.4	18.7	1.2x	15.5 to 32	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	526	453.4	1.16xSignificant	487.2 to 567.4	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	59.4	51.8	1.15x	48.1 to 73.3	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	20.4	17.9	1.14x	12.9 to 31.1	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	21	18.5	1.14x	14 to 30.8	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	33.7	30.2	1.12x	25.3 to 44.7	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	158.9	143.2	1.11x	139.4 to 180.9	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	13.9	14.5	0.96x	8.2 to 22.6	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	19.6	23.8	0.82x	12.7 to 29.4	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Green Lake County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	8,058.4	9,842.6	-18%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	76.9	75.3	+2%	years
Child mortality	60.6	59.8	+1%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	92.4	96.9	-5%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	22.7	28.6	-21%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde13.57 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.98 per million
Acetaldehyde1.33 per million
Benzene0.92 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

78 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit39
Rail grade crossing17
Gas station (mapped facility)6
Public airport3
Brownfield property2
Small hazardous waste generator2
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)2
Major air pollution source1
Hazardous waste transporter1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Biomass power plant1
Scrapyard (mapped facility)1
TRI reporting facility1
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Darling Ingredients Inc, Berlin
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution). 93,929 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 54923NTNLB694WH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.8
Double S Dairy, Alto, Town Of
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110040439237 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Little Green Lake Protection And Rehabilitation District, Green Lake
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070939156 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Sigma Engineered Solutions, Markesan
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Chromium, Copper. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 53946PRCSN1149N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.5
Precision Metalsmiths Inc., Markesan
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000420526 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Kingston Village, Kingston
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010891516 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Hilltop Dairy Llc, Mackford, Town Of
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110041251418 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Princeton Wwtf, Princeton
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110039721691 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Berlin City Wwtf, Berlin
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110039960691 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Wm - Valley Trail Security Landfill, Berlin
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043804121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Green Lake Sanitary District, Princeton
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010886121 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Lake States Footwear Property, Berlin
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110015331880 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Old Safeguard Property, Berlin
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071965886 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Darling International Inc., Berlin
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000423257 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Berlin Landfill Gas, Berlin
Biomass power plant.
Record ID 56069 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 2.5
Markesan Wastewater Treatment Facility, Markesan
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110039715671 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Green Lake Wastewater Treatment Facility, Green Lake
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110039721888 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Del Monte - #116, Markesan
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110050846279 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Landfill
Landfill (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/820001193 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Princeton Wastewater Treatment Facility
Wastewater plant (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/955761103 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Wilson-Hurd Mfg Co Inc, Berlin
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005429697 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Del Monte - #116, Markesan
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002037518 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Thedacare Medical Center Site, Berlin
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005472354 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Pride View Dairy Llc, Mackford, Town Of
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110041254638 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Aurora Manufacturing Inc, Berlin
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110041683176 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Green Lake County

Wisconsin state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Green Lake County, and their findings.
Wisconsin vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Wisconsin health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Wisconsin environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Wisconsin drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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