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Windham County, Vermont: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Windham County is 147.8 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 364 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (118), Brownfield property (84), Rail grade crossing (47). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 42.9953, -72.7342.

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Windham County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	4.9	3.4	1.44x	2.7 to 8.3	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	5.9	4.8	1.23x	3.8 to 9.1	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	5.6	4.6	1.22x	3.4 to 9.1	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	5.3	4.4	1.2x	3.1 to 8.6	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	28.6	23.8	1.2x	22.6 to 35.9	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	New cases	7.4	6.2	1.19x	4.4 to 11.9	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	20.9	18.5	1.13x	16 to 27	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	12.5	11.3	1.11x	9.2 to 17	2020-2024
Esophagus	Deaths	4	3.7	1.08x	2.2 to 7	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	18.8	17.9	1.05x	14 to 24.9	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	147.8	143.2	1.03x	135.4 to 161.2	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	451.1	453.4	0.99x	427.8 to 475.6	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	13.9	14.5	0.96x	9.9 to 19.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	49	51.8	0.95x	41.8 to 57.2	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	28.3	30.2	0.94x	23 to 34.6	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	17.4	18.7	0.93x	13.5 to 22.5	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	11.9	13	0.92x	7.7 to 17.6	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	12.5	13.9	0.9x	9.2 to 17	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	7	8.7	0.8x	4.5 to 10.7	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	4.5	5.7	0.79x	2.7 to 7.6	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	5.1	6.6	0.77x	3 to 8.3	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	4.7	6.6	0.71x	2.8 to 7.8	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Windham County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	8,005.2	9,842.6	-19%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	78.6	75.3	+4%	years
Child mortality	67	59.8	+12%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	121	96.9	+25%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	52.3	28.6	+83%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde12.43 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
Acetaldehyde1.43 per million
Benzene1.09 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 100 days: 92 good, 1 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 15, peak 117.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

364 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit118
Brownfield property84
Rail grade crossing47
Gas station (mapped facility)36
Air permit holder (minor source)23
Small hazardous waste generator12
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)11
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)6
Public airport5
TRI reporting facility4
Large hazardous waste generator3
Hydroelectric plant3
Hazardous waste transporter2
Heliport2
Solar power plant2
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
EPA air quality monitor1
Industrial wastewater discharge1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Superfund (NPL) site1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

BFI Sanitary Landfill (Rockingham), Rockingham
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 41.9. NPL Site.
EPA site ID VTD980520092 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Ce Bradley Laboratories Inc, Brattleboro
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Certain glycol ethers, Toluene, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 3,344 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 05301CBRDLQUINN (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.2
Garware Fulflex Usa Inc., Brattleboro
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Lead compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds, Polycyclic aromatic compounds and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 111 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 05301FLFLXPUTNE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.1
Soundview Vermont Holdings Llc, Putney
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Polycyclic aromatic compounds. Reports carcinogens. 18 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 05346PTNYPOLDDE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.5
Flomatic C. E. Bradley Lab, Brattleboro
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110039145092 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Fibermark, Brattleboro
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000763148 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Brattleboro Wastewater Treatment Facility, Brattleboro
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005298604 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Garware Fulflex Usa Inc, Brattleboro
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000581567 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.6
Putney Paper Company Mill & Lagoons, Putney
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009316560 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Whitingham (Jacksonville), Jacksonville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010911344 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Brattleboro Water Treatment Plant, Brattleboro
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005298588 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Transcanada Hydro Northeast Vernon Station, Vernon
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005298622 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Transcanada Hydro Northeast Vernon Station, Vernon
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005298622 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Saxtons River Wastewater Treatment Facility, Saxtons River
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010911120 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Wilmington Wwtp, Wilmington
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010911200 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Whitney Blake Co, Bellows Falls
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007400936 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Putney Paper Company Mill & Lagoons, Putney
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110009316560 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Bellows Falls Waste Water Treatment Facility, Bellows Falls
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010911488 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Commonwealth Expansion Ii, Brattleboro
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071163664 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Global Montello Group Corp - Brattleboro Citgo, Brattleboro
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071511571 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Long Falls Paperboard Llc, Brattleboro
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper compounds, Ammonia. 10 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 05301BSCSCBRUDI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 3.8
Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, Vernon
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000867955 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Putney, Putney
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010131883 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
G S Precision Inc, Brattleboro
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000314776 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Whitney Blake Co, Bellows Falls
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds, Copper.
TRI facility ID 05101WHTNYINDUS (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 3.1

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Windham County

Vermont state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Windham County, and their findings.
Vermont vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Vermont health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Vermont environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Vermont drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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