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Rockingham County, Virginia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Rockingham County is 145.8 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 1,015 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (662), Rail grade crossing (127), Air permit holder (minor source) (125). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 38.5286, -78.9403.

How this county ranks in Virginia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Rockingham County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinNew cases34.923.81.47xSignificant29.9 to 40.62019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths64.41.36x4 to 8.62020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths7.15.71.25x5.1 to 9.72020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths4.13.41.21x2.6 to 6.32020-2024
EsophagusDeaths4.43.71.19x2.9 to 6.62020-2024
BladderNew cases21.718.71.16x18.2 to 25.82019-2023
ThyroidNew cases14.9131.15x11.4 to 19.22019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.54.81.15x3.8 to 7.82020-2024
EsophagusNew cases4.84.61.04x3.2 to 72019-2023
All cancerDeaths145.8143.21.02x136.3 to 155.82020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases18.818.51.02x15.3 to 22.82019-2023
BladderDeaths4.14.11x2.8 to 6.12020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths29.630.20.98x25.5 to 34.32020-2024
PancreasDeaths1111.30.97x8.7 to 142020-2024
Brain & nervous systemNew cases5.96.20.95x3.9 to 8.62019-2023
PancreasNew cases13.113.90.94x10.3 to 16.42019-2023
All cancerNew cases417453.40.92x399.9 to 434.82019-2023
Lung & bronchusNew cases47.651.80.92x42.3 to 53.52019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths5.86.60.88x4.1 to 8.12020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases12.514.50.86x9.6 to 16.12019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases15.417.90.86x12.2 to 19.32019-2023
StomachNew cases5.56.60.83x3.7 to 7.92019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases4.88.70.55x3.3 to 6.92019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Rockingham County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death7,167.29,842.6-27%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy78.175.3+4%years
Child mortality55.959.8-6%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality5.76.2-8%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths76.696.9-21%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths13.928.6-51%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde16.63 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.87 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.62 per million
  • Benzene1.04 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 292 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 39, peak 80.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,015 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit662
  • Rail grade crossing127
  • Air permit holder (minor source)125
  • Gas station (mapped facility)42
  • Small hazardous waste generator14
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)9
  • TRI reporting facility8
  • Large hazardous waste generator5
  • Public airport4
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)4
  • Major air pollution source3
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter2
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Heliport1
  • Landfill (mapped facility)1
  • Biomass power plant1
  • Gas power plant1
  • Solar power plant1
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Wwf Operating Company, Llc, Mount Crawford

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $42,786.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341390 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.7

  2. Wwf Operating Co Llc, Mount Crawford

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, n-Hexane, Nitric acid, Peracetic acid and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 69,224 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22841SHNND6364S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.2

  3. Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative Inc Hinton Facility, Hinton

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $9,750.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110007030097 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  4. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Elkton

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $6,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341381 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.4

  5. Vpgc Llc Hinton Facility, Hinton

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution). 397,053 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22831WMPLRUSRT3 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.3

  6. Molson Coors Shenandoah Brewery, Elkton

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Nitric acid. 200,346 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22827DLPHCROUTE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.1

  7. Darling Ingredients Inc Linville Facility, Linville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chlorine dioxide, Chlorine, Ammonia. 108,481 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22834VLLYP623KR (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.9

  8. Coors Brewing Company - Shenandoah Brewery, Elkton

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000918339 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.6

  9. Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc, Elkton

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Acetonitrile, Ethylene glycol. 41,852 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22827MRCKCHIGHW (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.5

  10. Pilgrim'S Pride Corp Broadway Facility, Timberville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Peracetic acid. 33,252 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22853RCKNGCOOPD (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.5

  11. Lsc Communications / Harrisonburg N, Harrisonburg

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers. 18,225 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 22801RRDNN1400K (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.3

  12. Valley Proteins Inc, Linville

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001888271 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  13. Pilgrim'S Pride - Broadway Processing Plant, Timberville

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341452 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  14. Wwf Operating Company, Llc, Mount Crawford

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $42,786.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341390 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  15. Wwf Operating Company, Llc, Mount Crawford

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $42,786.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341390 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  16. Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative Llc - Broadway, Broadway

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000585297 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  17. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Elkton

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $6,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341381 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  18. Harrisonburg-Shenandoah Valley Koa, Broadway

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $13,324.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010912502 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  19. ROCKINGHAM CO. VDOT

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 511650003 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 4.5

  20. Rocco Inc. - Shady Brook Farms, Dayton

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341363 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  21. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Elkton

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $6,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341381 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  22. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Elkton

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $6,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341381 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  23. Massanutten Public Service Stp, Mc Gaheysville

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110012714269 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  24. Crown Auto Parts And Recycling Yard, Elkton

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $5,429.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110070875398 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  25. Wwf Operating Company, Llc, Mount Crawford

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $42,786.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341390 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.3

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Rockingham County

  • Virginia state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Rockingham County, and their findings.

  • Virginia vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Virginia health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Virginia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Virginia drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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