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Lancaster County, Virginia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Lancaster County is 180.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 2.2 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 77 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (40), Air permit holder (minor source) (17), Gas station (mapped facility) (10). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 37.7252, -76.4633.

How this county ranks in Virginia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Lancaster County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	52.2	23.8	2.19xSignificant	33.6 to 77.8	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	65.4	30.2	2.17xSignificant	49.3 to 86.8	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	29.1	17.9	1.63xSignificant	19.3 to 44.7	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	79.8	51.8	1.54xSignificant	62 to 102.8	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	26.8	18.7	1.43x	17.9 to 41.2	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	15.2	11.3	1.35x	7.9 to 28.6	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	180.3	143.2	1.26xSignificant	154.8 to 210.5	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	548.6	453.4	1.21xSignificant	494.8 to 607.7	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	15.4	13.9	1.11x	8 to 29	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	17.5	18.5	0.95x	8.9 to 32.6	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Lancaster County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,856.1	9,842.6	+10%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	75.3	75.3	+0%	years
Child mortality	n/a	59.8	n/a	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	104.3	96.9	+8%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde17.49 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.98 per million
Acetaldehyde1.52 per million
Benzene0.87 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

77 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit40
Air permit holder (minor source)17
Gas station (mapped facility)10
Small hazardous waste generator3
Heliport3
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
Airfield1
Dry cleaner (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

United Parcel Service -Valiv, Lancaster
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $5,300,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006136252 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Kilmarnock Wastewater Treatment Plant, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010916991 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Hawthorne Commons Starbucks, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $9,438.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071504281 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Get N Zip S Main St, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $4,950.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071510176 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Windmill Point Resort And Yacht Harbor, White Stone
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010915019 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Wal-Mart Supercenter #4350, Kilmarnock
Air permit holder (minor source). Penalties $6,429.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071909946 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Village Cleaners, Inc, Kilmarnock
Dry cleaner (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID node/11413446445 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Vulcan-White Stone, White Stone
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001896468 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Custom Yacht Svc Inc, Irvington
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005257122 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
The Tides Utilities Llc North Wwtp, Weems
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006686158 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Macs Auto World Of Virginia, White Stone
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008192570 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Belle Isle State Park, Lancaster
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008200678 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
The Tides Utilities Llc South, Irvington
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008997087 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Lancaster Middle School Renovation, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110020672422 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Kellum Seafood, Weems
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070544406 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Pride Of Virginia Bait And Oyster Company Inc, White Stone
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070545597 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Fleets Island Oyster Company, White Stone
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070546639 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
E J Conrad And Sons Seafood Incorporated, Lancaster
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070547291 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
R R Beasley Incorporated - Kilmarnock, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070570021 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Tractor Supply, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071502937 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Plantation Storage, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071504885 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
White Stone Sewage Collection And Treatment Plant, White Stone
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071506452 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Rappahannock Family Center, Lancaster County
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071507334 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Knolls Ii Subdivision, Lancaster
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071507997 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Franklin Mechanical Contractors Incorporated, Kilmarnock
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071508321 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Lancaster County

Virginia state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Lancaster County, and their findings.
Virginia vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Virginia health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Virginia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Virginia drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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