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Hanover County, Virginia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Hanover County is 150 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Brain & nervous system deaths at 1.5 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 592 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (187), Air permit holder (minor source) (124), Rail grade crossing (68). 2 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 40 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 37.7722, -77.5523.

How this county ranks in Virginia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Hanover County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Brain & nervous systemDeaths6.64.41.5xSignificant4.8 to 8.72020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths2.521.25x1.5 to 42020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths7.15.71.25x5.3 to 9.42020-2024
Melanoma of the skinNew cases29.423.81.24xSignificant25.4 to 33.92019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases7.66.21.23x5.6 to 10.12019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.54.81.15x4 to 7.62020-2024
PancreasDeaths11.911.31.05x9.5 to 14.62020-2024
All cancerDeaths150143.21.05x141.4 to 1592020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths31.130.21.03x27.3 to 35.32020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases51.751.81x46.8 to 57.12019-2023
All cancerNew cases445.8453.40.98x430.4 to 461.62019-2023
StomachNew cases6.46.60.97x4.7 to 8.52019-2023
PancreasNew cases13.413.90.96x11 to 16.42019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases17.818.50.96x14.7 to 21.32019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths6.26.60.94x4.6 to 8.32020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases16.817.90.94x13.9 to 20.22019-2023
EsophagusDeaths3.43.70.92x2.3 to 52020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases1314.50.9x10.4 to 16.12019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases7.78.70.89x5.9 to 9.92019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths2.73.40.79x1.7 to 4.22020-2024
BladderNew cases14.818.70.79x12.2 to 17.82019-2023
EsophagusNew cases3.44.60.74x2.2 to 52019-2023
BladderDeaths2.84.10.68x1.8 to 4.32020-2024
ThyroidNew cases8.3130.64x6.1 to 112019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Hanover County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death6,976.29,842.6-29%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy77.975.3+3%years
Child mortality45.359.8-24%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality46.2-35%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths78.596.9-19%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths27.928.6-2%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 40 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde21.54 per million
  • Ethylene Oxide9.44 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.97 per million
  • Acetaldehyde2.2 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 241 days: 233 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 36, peak 77.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

592 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit187
  • Air permit holder (minor source)124
  • Rail grade crossing68
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)64
  • Gas station (mapped facility)64
  • Small hazardous waste generator29
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)12
  • TRI reporting facility9
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)7
  • Public airport4
  • Large hazardous waste generator4
  • Hazardous waste transporter4
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)3
  • Major air pollution source2
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)2
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Heliport1
  • Landfill (mapped facility)1
  • Gas power plant1
  • Solar power plant1
  • Superfund (NPL) site1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. H & H Inc., Burn Pit, Farrington

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 33.7. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID VAD980539878 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Doswell Lp, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, n-Hexane, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Naphthalene and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,579,406 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 23005DSWLL10098 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.4

  3. South Atlantic Galvanizing Llc, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Lead, Chromium and Chromium Compounds(except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region). Reports carcinogens. 27,808 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 23005VRGNGSTATE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.9

  4. Cascades Bear Island Mill, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $109,058.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341559 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  5. Commonwealth Galvanizing, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $30,713.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110055530956 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  6. Cascades Bear Island Mill, Ashland

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $109,058.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341559 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  7. Tyson Farms Inc. - Processing Facility, Glen Allen

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Peracetic acid. 95,229 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 20360HLLYF3301U (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.8

  8. Doswell Energy Center, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110017409286 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.6

  9. Commonwealth Galvanizing, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 508 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 2300WCMMNW1988L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.6

  10. Concrete Pipe & Precast Llc-Hanover Pipe Plant, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead, Manganese. Reports carcinogens. 422 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 2300WMRCST135DE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.5

  11. Cascades Bear Island Mill, Ashland

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $109,058.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341559 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  12. Concrete Pipe & Precast Llc-Ashland Precast Plant, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 338 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 2300WSSRCM312MI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.4

  13. Cascades Bear Island Mill, Ashland

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $109,058.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341559 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  14. South Atlantic Galvanizing, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341602 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.7

  15. Concrete Pipe And Precast, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001894157 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  16. Chemtreat, Inc., Ashland, Va, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $9,405.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341568 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  17. Commonwealth Galvanizing, Ashland

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $30,713.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110055530956 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  18. Concrete Pipe & Precast Llc - Hanover Pipe Plant, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001892792 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  19. Chemtreat, Inc., Ashland, Va, Ashland

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $9,405.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000341568 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  20. Pugh Lubricants Ashland, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Naphthalene, Xylene (mixed isomers). Reports carcinogens.

    TRI facility ID 23005PGHLB1992L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 4.5

  21. Ashland Rmc Plant, Ashland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Lead. Reports carcinogens.

    TRI facility ID 2300WSHLND1134V (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 4.5

  22. Pavestone - Richmond Va Plant [Newline], Doswell

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens.

    TRI facility ID 2304WPVSTN1641I (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 4.5

  23. Doswell Energy Center, Ashland

    Gas power plant.

    Record ID 52019 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)

    Severity 4.2

  24. Pugh Lubricants Ashland, Ashland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110031018770 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4

  25. Oldcastle Lawn And Garden Inc, Doswell

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110038274426 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Hanover County

  • Virginia state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Hanover County, and their findings.

  • Virginia vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Virginia health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Virginia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Virginia drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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