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Frederick County, Virginia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Frederick County is 152.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Esophagus deaths at 1.5 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 746 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (422), Rail grade crossing (103), Air permit holder (minor source) (84). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 39.2374, -78.2236.

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Frederick County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Esophagus	New cases	7.2	4.6	1.57xSignificant	5.2 to 9.8	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	Deaths	3.1	2	1.55x	1.9 to 4.9	2020-2024
Esophagus	Deaths	5.5	3.7	1.49xSignificant	3.8 to 7.8	2020-2024
Bladder	Deaths	5.5	4.1	1.34x	3.9 to 7.7	2020-2024
Childhood cancer (under 15)	New cases	21.7	16.4	1.32x	13.1 to 34	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	New cases	8	6.2	1.29x	5.7 to 10.9	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	5.6	4.8	1.17x	3.9 to 7.8	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	21.2	18.7	1.13x	17.7 to 25.2	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	12.8	11.3	1.13x	10.2 to 15.9	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	152.7	143.2	1.07x	143.2 to 162.7	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	14.8	13.9	1.06x	11.9 to 18.2	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	6.8	6.6	1.03x	4.9 to 9.1	2020-2024
Leukemia	Deaths	5.8	5.7	1.02x	3.9 to 8.2	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	4.4	4.4	1x	2.9 to 6.5	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	30.2	30.2	1x	26.1 to 34.7	2020-2024
Thyroid	New cases	12.7	13	0.98x	9.7 to 16.4	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	3.3	3.4	0.97x	2 to 5.1	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	16.3	17.9	0.91x	13.2 to 20.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	45.6	51.8	0.88x	40.6 to 51.2	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	393.8	453.4	0.87x	377.7 to 410.3	2019-2023
Stomach	New cases	5.6	6.6	0.85x	3.9 to 8	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	14.1	18.5	0.76x	11.2 to 17.6	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	16.4	23.8	0.69x	13.2 to 20.1	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	5.7	8.7	0.66x	4 to 8	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	8.8	14.5	0.61x	6.4 to 11.8	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Frederick County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	6,972	9,842.6	-29%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	78.5	75.3	+4%	years
Child mortality	43.7	59.8	-27%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	5.8	6.2	-7%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	69.7	96.9	-28%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	22.5	28.6	-21%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde18.8 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.93 per million
Acetaldehyde1.92 per million
Benzene1.51 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 270 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 39, peak 85.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

746 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit422
Rail grade crossing103
Air permit holder (minor source)84
Gas station (mapped facility)50
Small hazardous waste generator22
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)14
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)10
TRI reporting facility10
Major air pollution source7
Large hazardous waste generator5
Scrapyard (mapped facility)4
Public airport3
Large greenhouse gas emitter3
EPA air quality monitor1
Commercial airport1
Crematorium (mapped facility)1
Hazardous waste transporter1
Heliport1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Biomass power plant1
Gas power plant1
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Evolve Stone Llc, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 76,783 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 2260WVLVST2LENI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.2
Kingspan Insulation Llc, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol. 231,471 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22601MCFMPROUTE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.1
Richardson International, Winchester
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001893256 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.9
Darling Ingredients Inc-Winchester Facility, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chlorine dioxide, Ammonia, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution). 94,910 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22603VLLYP1444I (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.8
Fisher Diagnostics A Div Of Fisher Scientific Co, Middletown
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Formaldehyde, Certain glycol ethers. Reports carcinogens. 218 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22645FSHRD8365V (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.3
Kingspan Insulation Llc, Winchester
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017384070 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.2
8th Ave Food & Provisions, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Sulfuryl fluoride. 10,500 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 2260WTHVNF3PARK (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.1
Valley Proteins Inc-Winchester Facility, Winchester
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002097285 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Qg Printing Ii Corp, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers. 8,323 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22603QBCRW16CEN (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6
Parkins Mills Wastewater Treat, Winchester
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $10,320.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010134924 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Concrete Pipe & Precast- Winchester, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 46 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 2260WCNCRT21MIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.8
Trex - Virginia Manufacturing Operations, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium and Chromium Compounds(except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Zinc compounds, Nickel compounds and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 45 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 2260WTRXWN3229S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.8
Virginia Concrete - Stephens City, Stephens City
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Lead. Reports carcinogens. 25 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 2265WSTPHN339ES (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.6
Hp Hood Llc, Winchester
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Peracetic acid, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Nitric acid. 1,680 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22602HPHDX160HO (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.5
Rest
EPA air quality monitor.
Record ID 510690010 (U.S. EPA AirData)
Severity 5.3
Nb Sandys Mhc Llc Wwtp, White Post
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $25,610.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010912842 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Hp Hood, Winchester
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008055399 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.2
Fisher Scientific Co L L C Fisher Diagnostics, Middletown
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000826278 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.1
O-N Minerals (Chemstone) Winchester Lime Plant, Clear Brook
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Lead compounds, Mercury compounds, Mercury And Mercury Compounds. 499 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 22624GLBLSONEQU (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.1
Global Stone Chemstone Corporation - Clearbrook, Clear Brook
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001887085 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.1
Winchester Precast, Winchester
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110061898184 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Frederick County Regional Landfill, Winchester
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043786775 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Titan Virginia Ready Mix Llc - Clear Brook, Clear Brook
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110020684801 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.6
Trex Company, Inc. - Virginia Decking And Railing, Winchester
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071722918 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Opequon Water Reclamation Facility, Winchester
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000548202 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Frederick County

Virginia state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Frederick County, and their findings.
Virginia vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Virginia health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Virginia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Virginia drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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