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Milam County, Texas: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Milam County is 166.4 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. Federal databases place 206 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (101), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (73), Gas station (mapped facility) (16). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 30.7839, -96.976.

How this county ranks in Texas

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Milam County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	35.2	17.9	1.97xSignificant	26.6 to 46	2019-2023
Stomach	New cases	10.9	6.6	1.65x	6.2 to 17.8	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	9.6	6.6	1.45x	5.8 to 15.4	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	12.6	8.7	1.45x	8 to 19.2	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	19.9	14.5	1.37x	13.2 to 28.9	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	61.5	51.8	1.19x	50.9 to 74	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	166.4	143.2	1.16xSignificant	148.3 to 186.4	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	20.1	18.5	1.09x	13.6 to 28.9	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	483.7	453.4	1.07x	451 to 518.3	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	25	23.8	1.05x	17.9 to 34.3	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	30.8	30.2	1.02x	23.6 to 39.9	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	13.2	13.9	0.95x	8.7 to 19.6	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	17.7	18.7	0.95x	12.2 to 25.1	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	10.3	11.3	0.91x	6.4 to 16.1	2020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Milam County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,213.8	9,842.6	+4%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	74.7	75.3	-1%	years
Child mortality	54.5	59.8	-9%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	94.9	96.9	-2%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde20.7 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.88 per million
Acetaldehyde1.57 per million
Benzene0.67 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

206 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Rail grade crossing101
NPDES wastewater discharge permit73
Gas station (mapped facility)16
Public airport5
Hazardous waste transporter3
Major air pollution source2
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
Air permit holder (minor source)1
Commercial airport1
Large hazardous waste generator1
Small hazardous waste generator1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Cameron Wwtp, Cameron
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $10,875.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009779686 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
City Of Rockdale Wwtp, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $61,472.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064631974 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Town Of Buckholts Wwtp, Buckholts
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009777848 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
City Of Thorndale Wwtp, Thorndale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009780451 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Sandow Steam Electric Station, Rockdale
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007197853 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Alcoa-Rockdale Operations, Rockdale
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008144025 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Alcoa-Rockdale Operations, Rockdale
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008144025 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Alcoa-Rockdale Operations, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008144025 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Waste Water Treatment Plant, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $875.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070376189 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
City Of Cameron Wtp, Cameron
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071814488 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Maysfield Plant 1, Cameron
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070367776 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Arcosa Aggregates Little River Plant 2, Maysfield
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070865101 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Underwood Tru, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071943549 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
H H Coffield Rgnl, Rockdale
Commercial airport. O.
Record ID RCK (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Cameron Muni Airpark, Cameron
Public airport. O.
Record ID T35 (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Birkhead Well Wtp, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009771666 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Milano Well Wtp, Milano
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110016755180 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Knife River Rockdale Plant, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110031275705 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Fikes Wholesale Inc, Cameron
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005122125 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Anthis Well Wtp, Rockdale
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017753607 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Truck Stop Wwtf, Milam County
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110020147731 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Little River Materials, Cameron
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110022908095 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Maysfield Plant 2, Maysfield
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110034231962 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Cameron Pit 424, Cameron
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070355758 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Charlotte Pipe And Foundry, Cameron
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070356879 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Milam County

Texas state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Milam County, and their findings.
Texas vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Texas health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Texas environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Texas drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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