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Callahan County, Texas: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Callahan County is 175.4 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. Federal databases place 80 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (31), Rail grade crossing (22), Gas station (mapped facility) (14). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 32.2906, -99.374.

How this county ranks in Texas

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Callahan County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Liver & bile duct	New cases	17.4	8.7	2xSignificant	9.5 to 29.7	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	25.9	17.9	1.45x	16.2 to 39.6	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	20.6	14.5	1.42x	12.4 to 32.6	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	37	30.2	1.23x	26.5 to 51	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	175.4	143.2	1.22xSignificant	150.6 to 203.7	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	22.7	18.7	1.21x	14 to 35.3	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	28.1	23.8	1.18x	18 to 42.2	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	58.5	51.8	1.13x	45.1 to 75.3	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	500.2	453.4	1.1xSignificant	455.4 to 548.7	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	18.7	18.5	1.01x	10.7 to 30.7	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Callahan County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	11,448.5	9,842.6	+16%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	73.5	75.3	-2%	years
Child mortality	97.8	59.8	+64%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	122.2	96.9	+26%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde16.31 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.76 per million
Acetaldehyde1.08 per million
Benzene0.55 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

80 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit31
Rail grade crossing22
Gas station (mapped facility)14
Air permit holder (minor source)3
Public airport3
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)3
Major air pollution source1
Brownfield property1
Small hazardous waste generator1
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Shackelford Gas Plant, Putnam
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110044310607 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
City Of Cross Plains, Cross Plains
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006683794 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Baird Fpc, Baird
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071968924 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
City Of Clyde Wwtp, Clyde
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009774020 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Ranchland I & Ii Wind Project, Cisco
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $5,975.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070927589 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Lawn Wtp, Lawn
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110056356731 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Wastewater Plant
Wastewater plant (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/1426297648 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Baird Wtp, Baird
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110012293963 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Abilene Black Lease Operation, Abilene
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110033238404 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Fedex Freight Abi, Baird
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110059673759 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Fedex Freight Abi, Baird
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110059673759 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Abilene Truck Terminal, Abilene
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110062382041 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Loves Travel Stop 610, Baird
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070187912 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Eagle Cove, Eula
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070360132 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Tige Boats, Abilene
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070364221 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Country Club Estates, Clyde
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070371211 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Txdot Us 180 Project 0296-05-034, Anson
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070554607 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Pf&E Cross Plains, Cross Plains
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070686388 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Oldham Oaks Addition, Abilene
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070816582 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Clyde Travel Center, Clyde
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070831687 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Mesquite Sky Wind Project, Clyde
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070876008 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Line X Putnam To Nolan, Putnam
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070893185 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Kl Design Homes, Abilene
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071082075 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
097406016 Project F 2022 614, Clyde
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071325060 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Sargents Granite & Tile, Clyde
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071359880 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Callahan County

Texas state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Callahan County, and their findings.
Texas vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Texas health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Texas environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Texas drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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