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Minnehaha County, South Dakota: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Minnehaha County is 180.5 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Melanoma of the skin deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate and Leukemia deaths at 1.6 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 980 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (343), Rail grade crossing (255), Gas station (mapped facility) (126). 4 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.6744, -96.7914.

How this county ranks in South Dakota

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Minnehaha County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinNew cases42.123.81.77xSignificant38.2 to 46.42019-2023
Melanoma of the skinDeaths3.421.7xSignificant2.3 to 4.82020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths8.95.71.56xSignificant7.1 to 11.12020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths7.44.81.54xSignificant5.7 to 9.42020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths5.23.41.53xSignificant3.9 to 6.92020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases26.418.51.43xSignificant23.2 to 29.92019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths6.14.41.39xSignificant4.6 to 7.82020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases70.751.81.36xSignificant65.4 to 76.22019-2023
Lung & bronchusDeaths40.930.21.35xSignificant36.9 to 45.12020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases19.214.51.32xSignificant16.6 to 22.22019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases2317.91.28xSignificant20.1 to 26.32019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases7.96.21.27x6.2 to 9.82019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths8.46.61.27x6.6 to 10.42020-2024
BladderNew cases23.618.71.26xSignificant20.5 to 272019-2023
All cancerDeaths180.5143.21.26xSignificant171.9 to 189.32020-2024
PancreasDeaths14.211.31.26xSignificant11.9 to 16.82020-2024
All cancerNew cases550.8453.41.21xSignificant536 to 565.82019-2023
PancreasNew cases16.313.91.17x13.8 to 19.12019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases108.71.15x8.1 to 12.12019-2023
EsophagusDeaths4.23.71.14x3 to 5.72020-2024
ThyroidNew cases14.5131.12x12.2 to 17.12019-2023
EsophagusNew cases54.61.09x3.7 to 6.62019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases17.616.41.07x12.4 to 24.12019-2023
BladderDeaths3.84.10.93x2.6 to 5.32020-2024
StomachDeaths2.52.70.93x1.6 to 3.82020-2024
StomachNew cases4.76.60.71x3.4 to 6.42019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Minnehaha County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death7,471.59,842.6-24%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy7775.3+2%years
Child mortality63.159.8+6%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality7.16.2+14%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths79.696.9-18%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths15.328.6-46%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde14.43 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.91 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.22 per million
  • Naphthalene1.05 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 364 days: 294 good, 4 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 36, peak 125.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

980 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit343
  • Rail grade crossing255
  • Gas station (mapped facility)126
  • Air permit holder (minor source)40
  • Brownfield property40
  • Small hazardous waste generator39
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)31
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)28
  • TRI reporting facility25
  • Major air pollution source17
  • Large hazardous waste generator12
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)5
  • Public airport4
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)4
  • Heliport3
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)1
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter1
  • Hazardous waste transporter1
  • Landfill (mapped facility)1
  • Gas power plant1
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Masterbrand Cabinets Llc, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), n-Butyl alcohol, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 400,695 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 57104STRMR700E4 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.8

  2. Design Tanks Llc, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 273,631 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 57104DSGNT612WB (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.7

  3. Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp - Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Sodium nitrite. 18,002,563 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 57117JHNMR1400N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.6

  4. Henkel Of America Inc., Brandon

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Toluene, Ethylbenzene. Reports carcinogens. 11,154 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5700WTHBRG6WILL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.6

  5. Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp. - Sioux Falls, Sd, Sioux Falls

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000427823 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.3

  6. Chs Corson Feed, Corson

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Manganese compounds, Copper compounds, Cobalt compounds and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,643 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5700WCHSCR26274 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7

  7. Marmen Energy Co, Brandon

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), n-Butyl alcohol, Manganese. 138,440 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5700WMRMNN182NP (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.9

  8. Knife River-Madison Street, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Lead, Mercury and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,345 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5710WCNCRT144NL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.9

  9. Knife River-Rice Street, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Lead, Mercury and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 709 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5711WCNCRT41ERI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.7

  10. Diamond Mowers Inc., Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Chromium, Copper, Nickel. Reports carcinogens. 456 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5710WDMNDM34E6T (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.5

  11. Starmark Cabinetry, Sioux Falls

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000427789 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.4

  12. Design Tanks Inc, Sioux Falls

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110025317182 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.2

  13. Henkel Us Operations Corporation, Brandon

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110030493222 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.1

  14. Marmen Energy Company, Brandon

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110044949642 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  15. Hansen Manufacturing Dba Hi-Roller Conveyors, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Nickel, Chromium, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 93 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5710WHNSNM4511N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6

  16. Curt Manufacturing Llc, Brandon

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Chromium, Nickel, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 51 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 57005LVRNT1200E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.8

  17. Us Dod Usaf Joe Foss Field Ang Sd, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, Naphthalene, Xylene (mixed isomers). Reports carcinogens. 46 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 57104SRFRC1201W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.8

  18. SF-USD, Sioux Falls

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 460990009 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 5.7

  19. Graco Inc Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Lead and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 17 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 57104GRCNC3501N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.5

  20. Concrete Materials Company, Sioux Falls

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110062714647 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.2

  21. Joe Foss Fld, Sioux Falls

    Commercial airport. O.

    Record ID FSD (FAA / U.S. DOT)

    Severity 5

  22. Diamond Mowers Inc., Sioux Falls

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110066987390 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.9

  23. Chs Corson Feed, Corson

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110069292465 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.9

  24. Concrete Materials, Sioux Falls

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010367183 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.9

  25. Tcc - Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 1 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 5710WTCCSX34ERI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 4.8

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Minnehaha County

  • South Dakota state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Minnehaha County, and their findings.

  • South Dakota vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • South Dakota health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • South Dakota environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • South Dakota drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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