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Lincoln County, South Dakota: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Lincoln County is 123.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 322 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (137), Rail grade crossing (79), Gas station (mapped facility) (33). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.2923, -96.756.

How this county ranks in South Dakota

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Lincoln County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	46.2	23.8	1.94xSignificant	39.2 to 54	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	21.5	14.5	1.48xSignificant	16.9 to 27	2019-2023
Esophagus	New cases	6.6	4.6	1.43x	4.2 to 9.9	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	16.6	13	1.28x	12.5 to 21.5	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	22.1	18.5	1.19x	17.5 to 27.7	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	12.8	11.3	1.13x	9.5 to 17.1	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	15.4	13.9	1.11x	11.6 to 20	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	6.1	5.7	1.07x	3.8 to 9.4	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	481.6	453.4	1.06xSignificant	458.8 to 505.2	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	19.5	18.7	1.04x	15.1 to 24.7	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	49.6	51.8	0.96x	42.7 to 57.5	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	4.4	4.8	0.92x	2.5 to 7.2	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	16	17.9	0.89x	12.1 to 20.8	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	26.5	30.2	0.88x	21.6 to 32.3	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	123.7	143.2	0.86x	112.5 to 135.7	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	4.9	6.6	0.74x	2.9 to 7.8	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	5.5	8.7	0.63x	3.3 to 8.6	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Lincoln County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	4,503.1	9,842.6	-54%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	83.8	75.3	+11%	years
Child mortality	28.9	59.8	-52%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	4.6	6.2	-25%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	44.7	96.9	-54%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	7.4	28.6	-74%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde14.35 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.91 per million
Acetaldehyde1.21 per million
Naphthalene0.92 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

322 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit137
Rail grade crossing79
Gas station (mapped facility)33
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)29
Air permit holder (minor source)10
Small hazardous waste generator7
TRI reporting facility6
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)6
Public airport3
Brownfield property3
Large hazardous waste generator3
Major air pollution source2
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Heliport1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Gas power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Poet Biorefining - Hudson, Hudson
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Hexane, Acetaldehyde, Cyclohexane, Toluene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 202,166 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 57034SXRVR29619 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.6
Omega Liner Co Inc., Canton
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 5,020 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5701WMGLNR515NI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.3
Showplace Wood Products, Harrisburg
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), n-Butyl alcohol, Certain glycol ethers, Methanol and 1 more. 255,455 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 57032SHWPL1ENTE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.2
Showplace Wood Products, Harrisburg
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001676552 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.7
Wilson Trailer Co, Lennox
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Copper, Chromium, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 212 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5703WWLSNT415ER (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.3
Red Rock Dairy Products, Beresford
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitric acid. 12,683 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5700WRDRCK29194 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.1
Red Rock Dairy Products, Beresford
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071948702 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.9
Harvard Integrations, Tea
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 50 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 57064DTSNC27157 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.8
Poet Biorefining - Hudson, Hudson
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017775433 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.8
Omega Liner Company, Inc., Canton
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070491063 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.4
Wilson Trailer Company, Lennox
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037945819 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Lectrus, Tea
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110031296087 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.6
Showplace Wood Products, Harrisburg
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001676552 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Showplace Wood Products, Harrisburg
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001676552 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Poet Biorefining - Hudson, Hudson
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017775433 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Poet Biorefining - Hudson, Hudson
Gas power plant.
Record ID 63918 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 3
Steck Project, Canton
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043562249 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Fillin Station, Hudson
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071981255 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
6300 South Tallgrass Avenue, Sioux Falls
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071982010 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Poet Biorefining - Hudson, Hudson
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017775433 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Lectrus, Tea
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110031296087 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Showplace Wood Products, Harrisburg
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110067207873 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Hybrid Turkeys, Llc (Hendrix Genetics), Beresford
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071850674 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Worthing, City Of, Worthing
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010952433 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Poet Biorefining - Hudson, Hudson
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017775433 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Lincoln County

South Dakota state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Lincoln County, and their findings.
South Dakota vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
South Dakota health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
South Dakota environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
South Dakota drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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