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Lake County, South Dakota: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Lake County is 142.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 108 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (43), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (29), Brownfield property (9). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 44.0186, -97.1294.

How this county ranks in South Dakota

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Lake County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	49.6	23.8	2.08xSignificant	32.3 to 72.9	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	35.2	30.2	1.17x	22.6 to 53.1	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	463.6	453.4	1.02x	411.5 to 520.9	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	142.3	143.2	0.99x	115.5 to 174	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	45.5	51.8	0.88x	30.9 to 65.4	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Lake County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	6,000	9,842.6	-39%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	79.8	75.3	+6%	years
Child mortality	n/a	59.8	n/a	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	46.5	96.9	-52%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde12.41 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.89 per million
Acetaldehyde0.99 per million
Benzene0.6 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

108 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Rail grade crossing43
NPDES wastewater discharge permit29
Brownfield property9
Gas station (mapped facility)7
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)4
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)3
Major air pollution source2
Air permit holder (minor source)2
Small hazardous waste generator2
TRI reporting facility2
Public airport1
Commercial airport1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Large hazardous waste generator1
Heliport1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Dakota Ethanol Llc, Wentworth
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Acetaldehyde, Methanol, Ammonia, Formaldehyde and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 201,311 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 57075DKTTH46269 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.6
Dakota Ethanol, Wentworth
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006692070 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.6
Global Polymer Industries Inc, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ethylene glycol. 3,000 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 5704WGLBLPPBX46 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.7
Manitou Equipment America Llc. - Madison, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Chromium. 412 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 57042GHLCX915SW (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5
Dakota Ethanol, Wentworth
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006692070 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Manitou Equipment America, Llc. - Madison, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000427627 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Dakota Ethanol, Wentworth
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006692070 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Dakota Ethanol, Wentworth
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006692070 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Madison-Treatment Plant, Madison
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000735759 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Madison-Treatment Plant, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000735759 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Former Rosebud Manufacturing - Egan Street, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043455347 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Former Rosenberg Office - Lead Site, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043562267 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Madison City Wellfields, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071967598 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
United Methodist Church, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071978714 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Former Madison Community Hospital, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071979858 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Former Wenk Foods, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071979861 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Madison Properties, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071980564 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Wenk Foods, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071981893 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Convent Building, Madison
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071982117 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Manitou Equipment America, Llc. - Madison, Madison
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000427627 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Ramona, Town Of, Ramona
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009791555 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Madison Muni, Madison
Commercial airport. O.
Record ID MDS (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Manitou Equipment America, Llc. - Madison, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000427627 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Arctic Cat Inc., Madison
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000427636 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Madison, City Of (Biosolids), Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006692686 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Lake County

South Dakota state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Lake County, and their findings.
South Dakota vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
South Dakota health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
South Dakota environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
South Dakota drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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