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Hamlin County, South Dakota: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Hamlin County is 190.2 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. Federal databases place 46 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (18), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (16), Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility) (3). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 44.654, -97.1885.

How this county ranks in South Dakota

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Hamlin County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
All cancer	Deaths	190.2	143.2	1.33xSignificant	145.9 to 243.9	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	53.4	51.8	1.03x	31.3 to 85.3	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	462.9	453.4	1.02x	392 to 543.2	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Hamlin County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	6,695.3	9,842.6	-32%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	77.3	75.3	+3%	years
Child mortality	n/a	59.8	n/a	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	57.8	96.9	-40%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde11.7 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.9 per million
Acetaldehyde0.92 per million
Benzene0.55 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

46 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Rail grade crossing18
NPDES wastewater discharge permit16
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)3
Gas station (mapped facility)3
Air permit holder (minor source)2
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
TRI reporting facility1
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)1
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Lnc, Lake Norden
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010952380 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 8.4
Agropur Inc., Lake Norden
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Nitric acid, Peracetic acid. 47,803 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 57248LKNRD408DA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.6
Lnc, Lake Norden
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010952380 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Lnc, Lake Norden
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010952380 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Bryant, City Of, Bryant
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009705275 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Lnc, Lake Norden
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110010952380 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Estelline, City Of, Estelline
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009791733 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Wastewater Plant
Wastewater plant (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/1351427236 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Castlewood, City Of, Castlewood
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009791868 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Hazel, Town Of, Hazel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006692114 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Hayti, Town Of, Hayti
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009791653 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Lake Norden, City Of, Lake Norden
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009792000 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Campground, Arlington
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071274860 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Bryant Area Commercial Development - Phase 1, Bryant
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071276959 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Steve Knutson Awms, Estelline
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071824329 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Phase I Infrastructure Improvements, Bryant
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071905116 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Lake Poinsett Sanitary District Arpa Projects, Arlington
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071942460 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Lake Norden Cul-De-Sac Improvements, Lake Norden
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072001539 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
D Lucks Swine Llc, Hazel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072004562 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
2025 Water Systems Improvements Schedule 1: Pipeline, Castlewood
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072165261 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Phase Iia Infrastructure Improvements, Bryant
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID x063171cbaa9fa239251913ce59c066ab (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Drumgoon Digester Renewable Energy, Lake Norden
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110071647170 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1
Private Road, Hazel
Rail grade crossing.
Record ID 097275C (Federal Railroad Administration)
Severity 1
440th Avenue, Hazel
Rail grade crossing.
Record ID 097277R (Federal Railroad Administration)
Severity 1
Private, Hazel
Rail grade crossing.
Record ID 097278X (Federal Railroad Administration)
Severity 1

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Hamlin County

South Dakota state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Hamlin County, and their findings.
South Dakota vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
South Dakota health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
South Dakota environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
South Dakota drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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