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Jefferson County, Ohio: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Jefferson County is 184.2 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 400 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (128), Air permit holder (minor source) (93), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (49). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 40.3777, -80.7424.

How this county ranks in Ohio

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Jefferson County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Lung & bronchusDeaths5130.21.69xSignificant44.9 to 57.72020-2024
ThyroidNew cases21.4131.65xSignificant16.4 to 27.42019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths53.41.47x3.2 to 7.72020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases73.551.81.42xSignificant66.2 to 81.62019-2023
EsophagusNew cases6.44.61.39x4.3 to 9.32019-2023
BladderNew cases24.818.71.33xSignificant20.6 to 29.62019-2023
All cancerDeaths184.2143.21.29xSignificant172.1 to 1972020-2024
BladderDeaths5.24.11.27x3.5 to 7.82020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths7.15.71.25x4.6 to 10.62020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases21.917.91.22x17.6 to 272019-2023
PancreasNew cases1613.91.15x12.6 to 20.22019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.54.81.15x3.6 to 8.32020-2024
All cancerNew cases511.3453.41.13xSignificant490.2 to 533.22019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.94.41.11x3.1 to 7.62020-2024
PancreasDeaths12.511.31.11x9.4 to 16.32020-2024
EsophagusDeaths3.83.71.03x2.3 to 6.22020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases18.918.51.02x15 to 23.62019-2023
Melanoma of the skinNew cases23.523.80.99x19 to 28.92019-2023
StomachNew cases6.46.60.97x4.2 to 9.42019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases13.914.50.96x10.2 to 18.52019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths5.36.60.8x3.5 to 7.92020-2024
Liver & bile ductNew cases6.48.70.74x4.5 to 9.12019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases4.36.20.69x2.5 to 7.12019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Jefferson County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death13,983.89,842.6+42%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy71.875.3-5%years
Child mortality69.859.8+17%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality8.86.2+41%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths115.996.9+20%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths55.728.6+95%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde17.43 per million
  • Coke Oven Emissions3.86 per million
  • Benzene3.11 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.92 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 195 good, 1 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 49, peak 101.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

400 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • Rail grade crossing128
  • Air permit holder (minor source)93
  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit49
  • Brownfield property46
  • Gas station (mapped facility)26
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)8
  • Small hazardous waste generator7
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)6
  • Major air pollution source5
  • Landfill (mapped facility)5
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)5
  • Large hazardous waste generator4
  • TRI reporting facility4
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter3
  • Public airport2
  • Hazardous waste transporter2
  • Coal power plant2
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Airfield1
  • Heliport1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Cardinal Power Plant, Brilliant

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $112,621.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000605426 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Cardinal Plant, Brilliant

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)), Vanadium compounds, Zinc compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 9,238,444 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 43913CRDNL306CO (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.8

  3. W H Sammis Plant, Stratton

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Hydrogen fluoride, Manganese compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 9,059,564 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 43961FRSTNSTATE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.8

  4. Titanium Metals Corp, Toronto

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384940 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.6

  5. Jsw Steel Usa Ohio Inc., Mingo Junction

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc (fume or dust), Manganese And Manganese Compounds, Manganese compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 32,236 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 43952WHLNGMCLIS (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8

  6. Cardinal, Brillant

    Coal power plant.

    Record ID 2828 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)

    Severity 7.8

  7. W H Sammis, Stratton

    Coal power plant.

    Record ID 2866 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)

    Severity 7.5

  8. Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Plant - Mingo Junction Facility, Mingo Junction

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $40,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000591592 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.3

  9. Titanium Metals Corp, Toronto

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Sodium nitrite, Hydrogen fluoride, Aluminum (fume or dust) and 4 more. 237,546 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 43964TMTDV100TI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.1

  10. Cardinal Power Plant, Brilliant

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $112,621.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000605426 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.8

  11. City Of Steubenville, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Steubenville

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $15,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000735438 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.8

  12. Steubenville, Steubenville

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 390810017 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 6.4

  13. Barium & Chemicals Inc, Steubenville

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $10,800.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384931 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.3

  14. Cardinal Power Plant, Brilliant

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $112,621.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000605426 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.3

  15. Titanium Metals Corp, Toronto

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384940 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  16. Cardinal Power Plant, Brilliant

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $112,621.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000605426 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  17. Titanium Metals Corp, Toronto

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384940 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  18. Titanium Metals Corp, Toronto

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384940 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  19. Barium & Chemicals Inc, Steubenville

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $10,800.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384931 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  20. Titanium Metals Corp, Toronto

    Large greenhouse gas emitter.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000384940 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  21. Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Plant - Mingo Junction Facility, Mingo Junction

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $40,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000591592 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  22. Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Plant - Mingo Junction Facility, Mingo Junction

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $40,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000591592 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  23. Crossridge Landfill, Steubenville

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110009821933 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  24. Lake Lodge Mobile Home Village, Richmond

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110006823679 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4

  25. Apex Environmental Llc - Sanitary Landfill, Amsterdam

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110024560875 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Jefferson County

  • Ohio state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Jefferson County, and their findings.

  • Ohio vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Ohio health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Ohio environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Ohio drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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