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Putnam County, New York: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Putnam County is 120.8 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 434 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (266), Air permit holder (minor source) (51), Gas station (mapped facility) (28). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 41.4218, -73.7547.

How this county ranks in New York

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Putnam County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Thyroid	New cases	22.5	13	1.73xSignificant	18.6 to 27	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	27.4	18.7	1.47xSignificant	23.6 to 31.7	2019-2023
Stomach	New cases	8.8	6.6	1.33x	6.5 to 11.5	2019-2023
Stomach	Deaths	3.5	2.7	1.3x	2.2 to 5.4	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	23.5	18.5	1.27xSignificant	19.9 to 27.6	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	17.4	14.5	1.2x	14.2 to 21.3	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	26.3	23.8	1.11x	22.4 to 30.7	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	495.9	453.4	1.09xSignificant	478.6 to 513.7	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	15.2	13.9	1.09x	12.4 to 18.5	2019-2023
Bladder	Deaths	4.3	4.1	1.05x	2.9 to 6.3	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	11.8	11.3	1.04x	9.4 to 14.7	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	6.4	6.2	1.03x	4.5 to 8.9	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	53.1	51.8	1.03x	47.8 to 58.9	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	15.9	17.9	0.89x	13 to 19.3	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	120.8	143.2	0.84x	112.7 to 129.5	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	7.3	8.7	0.84x	5.4 to 9.6	2019-2023
Esophagus	Deaths	3.1	3.7	0.84x	2 to 4.8	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	24.6	30.2	0.81x	21 to 28.7	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	3.5	4.4	0.8x	2.2 to 5.4	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	3.6	4.8	0.75x	2.3 to 5.5	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	3.4	4.6	0.74x	2.2 to 5.1	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	4	5.7	0.7x	2.6 to 5.9	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	4.6	6.6	0.7x	3.1 to 6.5	2020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Putnam County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	4,623.5	9,842.6	-53%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	81.6	75.3	+8%	years
Child mortality	19	59.8	-68%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	51.5	96.9	-47%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	22.7	28.6	-20%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde15.65 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.97 per million
Benzene1.6 per million
Acetaldehyde1.59 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 343 days: 323 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 33, peak 97.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

434 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit266
Air permit holder (minor source)51
Gas station (mapped facility)28
Small hazardous waste generator27
Large hazardous waste generator17
Rail grade crossing17
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)6
TRI reporting facility5
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)5
Dry cleaner (mapped facility)3
Hazardous waste transporter2
Superfund (NPL) site2
Major air pollution source1
EPA air quality monitor1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Heliport1
Gas power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Brewster Well Field, Brewster
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 37.9. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NYD980652275 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Arsenic Mine, Kent
Superfund (NPL) site. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NYD982531469 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Dunmore International Corporation, Brewster
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000322758 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.4
Brewster Transit Ready Mix, Brewster
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110022447529 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Dunmore International Corp, Brewster
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene. 13,372 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 10509CMVCNROUTE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.2
Enviro Waste, Mahopac
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Ethylene glycol, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Lead compounds and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 79 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 1054WNVRWS279US (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6
Lamothermic Corp, Brewster
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110041440125 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.8
Brewster Auto Salvage Inc, Southeast
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $950.
EPA FRS registry ID 110019534510 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Titan Concrete, Inc., Carmel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $19,120.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070556053 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Carmel Sewer District #2 Wwtp, Carmel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110061745330 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Murphys Waste Oil Service Inc, Mahopac
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072172062 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Dunmore International Corporation, Brewster
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000322758 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Enviro Waste Oil Recovery Terminal, Mahopac
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006093912 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.6
Brewster Transit Ready Mix, Brewster
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110022447529 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Materion Brewster Llc, Brewster
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110042000054 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Bryson'S Inc., Croton Falls
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043478714 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Lee Shultz Mine, Carmel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110044368038 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Lamothermic Corp, Brewster
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Chromium. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 10509LMTHR391RT (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.5
Materion Advanced Materials Technologies & Services, Brewster
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 1050WWLLMSPBX19 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.5
Carmel Terminals Inc, Carmel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,950.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006803343 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Carmel Hillsdale Estates Stp, Mahopac
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009242202 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Expressway Recycling Inc., Cold Spring
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,300.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071503232 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
G And F Subdivision Lots #2 & #3, Carmel
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $25,940.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071877639 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Murphys Waste Oil Service Inc, Mahopac
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072172062 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Algonquin Gas Southeast Compressor Station, Brewster
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007982861 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Putnam County

New York state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Putnam County, and their findings.
New York vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
New York health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
New York environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
New York drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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