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Orange County, New York: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Orange County is 139.6 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 1,835 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (702), Air permit holder (minor source) (293), Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility) (158). 5 correctional facilities operate in the county, at least one with health-based drinking water violations on record. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 41.3888, -74.3315.

How this county ranks in New York

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Orange County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Thyroid	New cases	16.5	13	1.27xSignificant	14.7 to 18.4	2019-2023
Stomach	New cases	8.1	6.6	1.23xSignificant	6.9 to 9.4	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	22.3	18.7	1.19xSignificant	20.4 to 24.4	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	15.6	13.9	1.12xSignificant	14 to 17.4	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	57.7	51.8	1.11xSignificant	54.6 to 60.9	2019-2023
Esophagus	Deaths	4.1	3.7	1.11x	3.3 to 5	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	20	18.5	1.08x	18.2 to 22	2019-2023
Stomach	Deaths	2.9	2.7	1.07x	2.2 to 3.7	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	12	11.3	1.06x	10.6 to 13.5	2020-2024
All cancer	New cases	471.5	453.4	1.04xSignificant	462.5 to 480.7	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	9	8.7	1.03x	7.8 to 10.3	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	31	30.2	1.03x	28.7 to 33.4	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	4.7	4.6	1.02x	3.8 to 5.7	2019-2023
Bladder	Deaths	4.1	4.1	1x	3.3 to 5.1	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	139.6	143.2	0.97x	134.7 to 144.6	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	Deaths	1.9	2	0.95x	1.4 to 2.6	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	5.8	6.2	0.94x	4.8 to 6.9	2019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)	New cases	15.3	16.4	0.93x	11.8 to 19.5	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	6	6.6	0.91x	5 to 7.1	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	15.8	17.9	0.88x	14.2 to 17.6	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	2.9	3.4	0.85x	2.2 to 3.7	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	11.9	14.5	0.82x	10.5 to 13.5	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	4.6	5.7	0.81x	3.8 to 5.6	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	19.2	23.8	0.81x	17.4 to 21.1	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	3.7	4.8	0.77x	2.9 to 4.6	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	3.2	4.4	0.73x	2.5 to 4	2020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Orange County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	6,631.1	9,842.6	-33%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	78.8	75.3	+5%	years
Child mortality	33.1	59.8	-45%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	3.8	6.2	-39%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	66.3	96.9	-32%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	33.9	28.6	+18%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde15.83 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.97 per million
Acetaldehyde1.67 per million
Benzene1.55 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 358 days: 311 good, 1 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 27, peak 108.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,835 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit702
Air permit holder (minor source)293
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)158
Small hazardous waste generator144
Gas station (mapped facility)143
Rail grade crossing106
Large hazardous waste generator88
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)26
Solar power plant25
TRI reporting facility22
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)22
Brownfield property15
Major air pollution source14
Dry cleaner (mapped facility)13
Heliport13
Hazardous waste transporter8
Scrapyard (mapped facility)8
Large greenhouse gas emitter7
Landfill (mapped facility)6
Correctional facility (prison or jail)5
Public airport4
Gas power plant4
EPA air quality monitor2
Commercial airport2
Superfund (NPL) site2
Biomass power plant1
Hydroelectric plant1
Oil-fired power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Nepera Chemical Co., Inc., Maybrook
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 39.9. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NYD000511451 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Carroll & Dubies Sewage Disposal, Port Jervis
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 33.7. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NYD010968014 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
West Point Military Academy, West Point
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008054283 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 9
Metal Container Corp-Newburgh Can Plant, New Windsor
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Butyl alcohol, Certain glycol ethers, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Hydrogen fluoride and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 624,069 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12550MTLCN1000B (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.9
Metal Container Corp, New Windsor
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,300.
EPA FRS registry ID 110013792770 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 8.6
Ball Metal Beverage Container Corp, Middletown
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, n-Butyl alcohol, Hydrogen fluoride, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size) and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 202,954 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 10940RYNLDRD2BA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.6
Eastern Alloys Inc, Maybrook
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000582566 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.8
Global Cos Llc Cargo Terminal, New Windsor
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, Benzene, n-Hexane, Xylene (mixed isomers) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 16,675 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12553WRXTR1096R (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.7
Global Cos Llc Newburgh Terminal, New Windsor
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, Xylene (mixed isomers), Benzene, n-Hexane and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 12,113 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12553MBLLN1281R (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.6
Valley Energy Center, Middletown
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia. 891,323 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 1094WVLLYN333US (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.6
Jci Jones Chemicals, Inc. - Warwick, Ny, Warwick
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110038234835 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.2
New Windsor Stp, Newburgh
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $105,227.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010603230 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Federal Correctional Institution (Fci) Otisville, Otisville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110019656674 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Xpo Logistics Freight Inc - Xnw, Montgomery
Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $58,660.
EPA FRS registry ID 110030920984 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
U.S. Military Academy West Point, West Point
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper, Lead And Lead Compounds, Lead compounds. 124,470 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 10996SMLTR646SW (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.9
Global Cos Llc South Terminal, New Windsor
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Polycyclic aromatic compounds. Reports carcinogens. 952 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12550SNCNC1184R (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.8
Roseton Generating Facility, Newburgh
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $2,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000324747 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.8
Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 497 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 10963FDRLC2MILE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.6
Global Cos Llc North Terminal, New Windsor
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Ethylbenzene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Polycyclic aromatic compounds. Reports carcinogens. 457 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12553WRXTRRIVER (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.5
Genpak Llc Middletown Main Plant, Middletown
Major air pollution source. Penalties $7,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000718153 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Eastern Alloys Inc, Maybrook
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Zinc (fume or dust), Copper, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 366 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12543STRNLHENRY (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.5
Ecobat Resources New York Llc, Middletown
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Arsenic And Arsenic Compounds, Antimony And Antimony Compounds, Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 337 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 10940RVRSMRD2BA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.4
Fleurchem, Middletown
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $48,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001579373 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.2
Coventry Coatings Corp, Newburgh
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Certain glycol ethers, Toluene. 9,062 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 12550CVNTR89TAF (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6
Roseton Generating Facility, Newburgh
Major air pollution source. Penalties $2,500.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000324747 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Federal Correctional Institution (Fci) Otisville, Otisville
EPA FRS registry ID
110019656674
Water system
NY3517527
Health-based violations
0 all time, 0 in 5 years
All violations
23
Wastewater permit
Yes, significant noncompliance, 12 quarters in noncompliance
EPA detailed facility report
Nys Otisville Correctional Facility, Otisville
EPA FRS registry ID
110002451329
Water system
NY3510586
Health-based violations
11 all time, 0 in 5 years
All violations
26
Contaminants cited
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Wastewater permit
Yes, 1 quarters in noncompliance
EPA detailed facility report
O.C. Correctional Facility
EPA FRS registry ID
110012963490
Water system
NY3530149
Health-based violations
3 all time, 0 in 5 years
All violations
7
Contaminants cited
TTHM
Wastewater permit
None on record
EPA detailed facility report
Orange County Correctional Facility, Goshen
EPA FRS registry ID
110017615552
Wastewater permit
None on record
EPA detailed facility report
Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville
EPA FRS registry ID
110071063845
Wastewater permit
None on record
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Orange County

New York state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Orange County, and their findings.
New York vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
New York health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
New York environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
New York drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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