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Niagara County, New York: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Niagara County is 158.8 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.2 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 1,093 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (248), Brownfield property (184), Rail grade crossing (144). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.1963, -78.7557.

How this county ranks in New York

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Niagara County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
BladderNew cases30.318.71.62xSignificant27.6 to 33.32019-2023
EsophagusNew cases6.64.61.43xSignificant5.3 to 8.12019-2023
ThyroidNew cases18.5131.42xSignificant15.9 to 21.32019-2023
Lung & bronchusNew cases70.851.81.37xSignificant66.7 to 75.12019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases19.514.51.34xSignificant17.1 to 22.12019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases20.716.41.26x14.5 to 28.72019-2023
BladderDeaths5.14.11.24x4 to 6.42020-2024
EsophagusDeaths4.63.71.24x3.6 to 5.92020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths37.530.21.24xSignificant34.5 to 40.72020-2024
All cancerNew cases554.6453.41.22xSignificant542.2 to 567.22019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases21.817.91.22xSignificant19.4 to 24.62019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases7.46.21.19x5.9 to 9.12019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases2118.51.14xSignificant18.7 to 23.62019-2023
PancreasNew cases15.713.91.13x13.8 to 17.92019-2023
Melanoma of the skinNew cases26.823.81.13xSignificant24 to 29.92019-2023
PancreasDeaths12.711.31.12x10.9 to 14.62020-2024
All cancerDeaths158.8143.21.11xSignificant152.4 to 165.52020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths3.73.41.09x2.8 to 4.82020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths6.25.71.09x4.9 to 7.72020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths54.81.04x3.9 to 6.32020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths221x1.4 to 32020-2024
StomachNew cases6.26.60.94x5 to 7.72019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases88.70.92x6.6 to 9.62019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths3.84.40.86x2.8 to 52020-2024
Liver & bile ductDeaths4.66.60.7x3.6 to 5.82020-2024
StomachDeaths1.62.70.59x1 to 2.42020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Niagara County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death9,535.29,842.6-3%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy75.475.3+0%years
Child mortality42.159.8-30%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality5.66.2-10%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths84.196.9-13%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths39.828.6+39%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde13.7 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.99 per million
  • Benzene1.5 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.36 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 353 days: 328 good, 1 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 34, peak 115.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,093 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit248
  • Brownfield property184
  • Rail grade crossing144
  • Large hazardous waste generator123
  • Air permit holder (minor source)90
  • Small hazardous waste generator71
  • Gas station (mapped facility)63
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)36
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)29
  • TRI reporting facility29
  • Major air pollution source17
  • Hazardous waste transporter11
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter10
  • Public airport6
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)5
  • Heliport4
  • Biomass power plant3
  • Superfund (NPL) site3
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)3
  • EPA air quality monitor2
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)2
  • Landfill (mapped facility)2
  • Hydroelectric plant2
  • Gas power plant2
  • Solar power plant2
  • Commercial airport1
  • Pumped storage plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Hooker (S Area), Niagara Falls

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 51.6. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NYD980651087 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Forest Glen Mobile Home Subdivision, Niagara Falls

    Superfund (NPL) site. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NYD981560923 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Eighteenmile Creek, Lockport

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NYN000206456 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  4. Allied Waste Niagara Falls Landfill, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Asbestos (friable), Aluminum (fume or dust), Lead, Aluminum oxide (fibrous forms) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,690,493 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 1430WLLDWS56NIA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.4

  5. Vandemark Chemical Inc, Lockport

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Dichloromethane, Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), N,N-Dimethylformamide, Phosgene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 61,186 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14094VNDMR1NORT (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.2

  6. An-Cor Industrial Plastics, North Tonawanda

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 44,019 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14120NCRND100ME (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.1

  7. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: o-Xylene, o-Toluidine, Aniline, Diphenylamine and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 43,146 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14304THGDY5408B (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.1

  8. Somerset Operating Co Llc, Barker

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Ammonia, Barium And Barium Compounds, Manganese And Manganese Compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 17,688 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14012SSMRS7725L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.8

  9. Durez Niagara, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Phenol, Xylene (mixed isomers), 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 11,003 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14304BTLSP5000P (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.6

  10. Allied Waste/Bfi - Niagara Falls Landfill, Niagara Falls

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $671,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110009827553 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.6

  11. Saint-Gobain Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,300.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000327423 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.4

  12. Milward Alloys Inc, Lockport

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper, Phosphorus (yellow or white), Beryllium, Chromium and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,755 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14094MLWRD500MI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.1

  13. Sgl Carbon Llc, Niagara Falls

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,300.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000327432 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  14. City Of Niagara Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant, Niagara Falls

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $15,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000541227 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  15. City Of Niagara Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant, Niagara Falls

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $15,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000541227 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  16. Wilson (V) Stp, Wilson

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,390.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019055323 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  17. Occidental Chemical Corp Niagara Plant, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Chlorine, Lead compounds, Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,661 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14302CCDNT4700B (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7

  18. Flame Control Coatings,Llc, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), m-Xylene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,440 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14305FLMCN4120H (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.9

  19. Fmc Corp Middleport Plant, Middleport

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Diisocyanates, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Xylene (mixed isomers), Cumene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 862 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14105FMCCR100NI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.8

  20. Harbisonwalker International Steelcasting Usa, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lithium carbonate, Manganese, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 761 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14302STLLB4111W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.7

  21. Durez Corp, Niagara Falls

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $45,750.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000327414 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.7

  22. Gm Components Holdings Llc, Lockport

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Chromium, Copper, Lead and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 628 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14094GNRLM200UP (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.6

  23. Saint Gobain Industrial Ceramic Inc, Niagara Falls

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitric acid, Phenol, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution). 50,106 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14304NRTNW6600W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.6

  24. Candlelight Cabinetry Opco Llc, Lockport

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Toluene, n-Butyl alcohol. 48,980 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14094CNDLL24MIC (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.6

  25. Fmc, Middleport

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000326601 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.6

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Niagara County

  • New York state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Niagara County, and their findings.

  • New York vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • New York health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • New York environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • New York drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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