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New York County, New York: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in New York County is 96.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 2,717 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Air permit holder (minor source) (1,503), Small hazardous waste generator (638), Large hazardous waste generator (370). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 40 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 40.7918, -73.9498.

How this county ranks in New York

Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for New York County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
ThyroidNew cases17.4131.34xSignificant16.6 to 18.32019-2023
StomachNew cases7.86.61.18xSignificant7.3 to 8.42019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases18.916.41.15x16.3 to 21.92019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases20.818.51.12xSignificant19.9 to 21.72019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)Deaths2.11.91.11x1.3 to 3.32020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases14.214.50.98x13.5 to 152019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases5.96.20.95x5.4 to 6.52019-2023
All cancerNew cases429.6453.40.95x425.6 to 433.82019-2023
PancreasNew cases12.913.90.93x12.2 to 13.62019-2023
StomachDeaths2.52.70.93x2.2 to 2.92020-2024
Liver & bile ductNew cases88.70.92x7.5 to 8.62019-2023
BladderNew cases15.318.70.82x14.6 to 16.12019-2023
PancreasDeaths911.30.8x8.4 to 9.52020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases40.651.80.78x39.4 to 41.82019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths3.74.80.77x3.4 to 4.12020-2024
Brain & nervous systemDeaths3.14.40.7x2.8 to 3.52020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases12.317.90.69x11.6 to 132019-2023
LeukemiaDeaths3.95.70.68x3.5 to 4.32020-2024
Liver & bile ductDeaths4.56.60.68x4.1 to 4.92020-2024
Melanoma of the skinNew cases16.223.80.68x15.4 to 172019-2023
EsophagusNew cases3.14.60.67x2.7 to 3.42019-2023
All cancerDeaths96.3143.20.67x94.5 to 98.22020-2024
ThyroidDeaths0.30.50.6x0.2 to 0.42020-2024
EsophagusDeaths23.70.54x1.7 to 2.22020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths15.930.20.53x15.1 to 16.62020-2024
BladderDeaths2.14.10.51x1.9 to 2.42020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths120.5x0.8 to 1.22020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths1.63.40.47x1.3 to 1.82020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for New York County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death4,960.29,842.6-50%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy8375.3+10%years
Child mortality31.859.8-47%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality2.96.2-54%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths52.196.9-46%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths29.328.6+2%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 40 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde20.29 per million
  • Benzene3.07 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride3.01 per million
  • Naphthalene2.18 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 183 good, 6 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 50, peak 136.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

2,717 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • Air permit holder (minor source)1,503
  • Small hazardous waste generator638
  • Large hazardous waste generator370
  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit130
  • Brownfield property15
  • Major air pollution source12
  • Oil-fired power plant12
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter8
  • Hazardous waste transporter7
  • Gas power plant6
  • EPA air quality monitor5
  • Heliport3
  • Rail grade crossing2
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)2
  • Airfield1
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
  • Industrial wastewater discharge1
  • TRI reporting facility1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Consolidated Edison Co Of New York - East River Facility, Manhattan

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene. Reports carcinogens. 191,200 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 10009CNSLD801E1 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.6
  2. DIVISION STREET, New York

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 360610134 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 6.8
  3. East River, New York

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000322623 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.1
  4. Nyc-Ta 207th Street Overhaul Shop, New York

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110011751461 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6
  5. Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110016717481 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6
  6. Wards Island Water Pollution Control Plant, Manhattan

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,483,750.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110042069123 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8
  7. Port Authority Of Ny&Nj - World Trade Center, New York

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $42,500.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110009829739 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5
  8. North River Water Pollution Control Plant, New York

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $1,386,224.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110041182993 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5
  9. Nycdot Bin 227072, New York

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110041684932 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5
  10. Con Edison - 59th Street Generating Stat, New York

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,300.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110064649901 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5
  11. Nyc Office Of Chief Medical Examiner Ocme, New York

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $1,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110072069546 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5
  12. Nyu Central Plant, New York

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $15,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001603453 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3
  13. PS 19, New York

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 360610128 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 5.2
  14. New York Presbyterian University Hospital Of Columbia, New York

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010435626 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5
  15. Con Ed-74th Street Sta, Manhattan

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019296527 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5
  16. North River Water Pollution Control Plant, New York

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,386,224.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110041182993 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5
  17. Con Edison - 59th Street Generating Stat, New York

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $1,300.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110064649901 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5
  18. CCNY, New York

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 360610135 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 4.9
  19. New York Presbyterian University Hospital Of Columbia, New York

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010435626 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5
  20. 34th St Heliport, New York

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010605899 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5
  21. Rockefeller University, New York

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019024429 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5
  22. Con Ed-74th Street Sta, Manhattan

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019296527 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5
  23. Con Ed-74th Street Sta, Manhattan

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019296527 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5
  24. Ny State Psychiatric Institute Nyspi, Manhattan

    Small hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019827874 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5
  25. East River Generating Station, Manhattan (Subdivision)

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $5,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110063222427 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for New York County

  • New York state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in New York County, and their findings.

  • New York vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • New York health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • New York environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • New York drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.