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Monroe County, New York: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Monroe County is 139.2 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Childhood cancer (under 15) deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 2,079 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (667), Small hazardous waste generator (262), Large hazardous waste generator (225). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.1539, -77.6857.

How this county ranks in New York

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Monroe County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Childhood cancer (under 15)Deaths3.21.91.68xSignificant2 to 4.92020-2024
BladderNew cases23.418.71.25xSignificant22.1 to 24.82019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases17.314.51.19xSignificant16.1 to 18.62019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases21.718.51.17xSignificant20.4 to 23.12019-2023
Melanoma of the skinNew cases27.623.81.16xSignificant26.1 to 29.32019-2023
All cancerNew cases519.7453.41.15xSignificant513.2 to 526.32019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.54.81.15x4.8 to 6.22020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases58.951.81.14xSignificant56.8 to 612019-2023
EsophagusNew cases5.24.61.13x4.6 to 5.92019-2023
LeukemiaDeaths6.45.71.12x5.7 to 7.12020-2024
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases18.416.41.12x15.2 to 22.12019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases2017.91.12xSignificant18.7 to 21.32019-2023
PancreasNew cases15.513.91.12xSignificant14.5 to 16.72019-2023
ThyroidNew cases13.8131.06x12.6 to 152019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases6.56.21.05x5.7 to 7.32019-2023
PancreasDeaths11.811.31.04x10.8 to 12.72020-2024
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.54.41.02x3.9 to 5.22020-2024
EsophagusDeaths3.73.71x3.2 to 4.22020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths3.43.41x2.9 to 42020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths221x1.7 to 2.52020-2024
ThyroidDeaths0.50.51x0.3 to 0.82020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths29.630.20.98x28.1 to 31.12020-2024
All cancerDeaths139.2143.20.97x136 to 142.52020-2024
StomachNew cases6.46.60.97x5.7 to 7.22019-2023
StomachDeaths2.52.70.93x2 to 2.92020-2024
Liver & bile ductNew cases7.58.70.86x6.7 to 8.32019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths5.56.60.83x4.9 to 6.22020-2024
BladderDeaths3.24.10.78x2.8 to 3.82020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Monroe County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death7,509.69,842.6-24%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy78.275.3+4%years
Child mortality47.359.8-21%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality6.76.2+7%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths88.796.9-9%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths35.528.6+24%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde14.11 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride3 per million
  • Benzene1.56 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.5 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 271 good, 7 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 39, peak 135.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

2,079 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit667
  • Small hazardous waste generator262
  • Large hazardous waste generator225
  • Air permit holder (minor source)223
  • Gas station (mapped facility)170
  • Brownfield property154
  • Rail grade crossing120
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)90
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)48
  • TRI reporting facility35
  • Major air pollution source13
  • Hazardous waste transporter11
  • Solar power plant10
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)8
  • Public airport7
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter7
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)6
  • Landfill (mapped facility)4
  • Heliport3
  • Hydroelectric plant3
  • Gas power plant3
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)3
  • EPA air quality monitor2
  • Biomass power plant2
  • Commercial airport1
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
  • Crematorium (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Unither Manufacturing Llc, Rochester

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $95,900.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000328084 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.6

  2. Red-Rochester Llc - Eastman Business Park, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Methanol, Ammonia, Ethylene glycol and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,516,248 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 1461WRDRCH12RID (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.4

  3. Red-Rochester Llc - Eastman Business Park, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Methanol, Ammonia, Ethylene glycol and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,928,962 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 1461WRDRCH1669L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.3

  4. Eastman Kodak - Kodak Park, Rochester

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000492173 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9

  5. Eastman Kodak Co Eastman Business Park, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Toluene, Acetonitrile and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 158,108 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14652STMNK1669L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.5

  6. Arconic, Rochester

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110009479466 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.3

  7. Xerox Corporation, Webster

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000327799 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.3

  8. Manitou Concrete- Dolomite Products Co, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Lead. Reports carcinogens. 19,624 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 1462WMNTCN126JE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.8

  9. Xerox Joseph C Wilson Ctr For Technology, Webster

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Dichloromethane, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Nitric acid, Ethylene glycol and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 18,824 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14580XRXCR800PH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.8

  10. Unither Manufacturing Llc, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Dichloromethane. Reports carcinogens. 13,969 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14623PNNWL755JE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.7

  11. Carestream Health Inc-Isc B-14, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Dichloromethane. Reports carcinogens. 8,375 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14615CRSTR149WR (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.5

  12. Danisco Us Inc Genencor Division, Rochester

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,300.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110004451290 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.3

  13. Northrup Brockport, Brockport

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Lead. Reports carcinogens. 4,168 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 1442WNRTHR5251S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.3

  14. Firth Rixson Inc, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Chromium, Cobalt. Reports carcinogens. 3,091 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14603MNRFRPOBOX (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.2

  15. Hammer Packaging Corp, West Henrietta

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110002094901 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.2

  16. Arch Chemicals Inc, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Pyridine, Zinc compounds, Chlorine. Reports carcinogens. 1,958 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14611LNCRP100MC (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7

  17. Unither Manufacturing Llc, Rochester

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $95,900.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000328084 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  18. Red-Rochester Llc - Eastman Business Park, Rochester

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110071856454 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.8

  19. Hammer Packaging Corp, West Henrietta

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers. 79,566 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14586HMMRL200LU (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.8

  20. Sabin Metal Corp, Scottsville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Zinc compounds, Chlorine dioxide and 4 more. 56,952 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14546SBNMT1647W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.6

  21. Eastman Kodak - Kodak Park, Rochester

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000492173 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  22. Riga/Mill Seat Landfill, Bergen

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $57,500.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110019532193 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  23. Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Building 313, Rochester

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: o-Xylene, m-Xylene, tert-Butyl alcohol. 23,753 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 14652JHNSN300WE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.4

  24. Sabin Metals Corp, Scottsville

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000327753 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.3

  25. Manitou Concrete- Dolomite Products Co, Rochester

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110060257305 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.3

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Monroe County

  • New York state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Monroe County, and their findings.

  • New York vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • New York health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • New York environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • New York drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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