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Elko County, Nevada: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Elko County is 137.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 455 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (183), Rail grade crossing (104), Gas station (mapped facility) (50). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 10 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 41.0627, -115.53.

How this county ranks in Nevada

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Elko County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	8.6	6.6	1.3x	5.4 to 13	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	8.4	6.6	1.27x	5.2 to 12.9	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	10.5	8.7	1.21x	7 to 15.1	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	15.6	13.9	1.12x	11.2 to 21.2	2019-2023
Pancreas	Deaths	12.2	11.3	1.08x	8.3 to 17.3	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	19.2	18.7	1.03x	14.2 to 25.3	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	17.6	17.9	0.98x	13 to 23.5	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	137.7	143.2	0.96x	123.6 to 152.9	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	13.7	14.5	0.94x	9.5 to 19	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	25	30.2	0.83x	19.4 to 31.8	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	19.2	23.8	0.81x	14.3 to 25.2	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	361.6	453.4	0.8x	338.9 to 385.4	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	14.4	18.5	0.78x	10 to 20	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	37.9	51.8	0.73x	30.8 to 46.2	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	9	13	0.69x	5.7 to 13.4	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Elko County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,188.4	9,842.6	+4%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	75.4	75.3	+0%	years
Child mortality	65.8	59.8	+10%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	5.5	6.2	-11%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	105.9	96.9	+9%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	28	28.6	-2%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 10 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde8.42 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.5 per million
Acetaldehyde0.72 per million
Pahpom0.57 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 364 days: 314 good, 2 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 42, peak 160.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

455 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit183
Rail grade crossing104
Gas station (mapped facility)50
Brownfield property29
Public airport11
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)11
Small hazardous waste generator9
Major air pollution source8
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)8
TRI reporting facility7
Hazardous waste transporter6
Large hazardous waste generator4
Heliport4
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)4
EPA air quality monitor3
Air permit holder (minor source)3
Large greenhouse gas emitter3
Commercial airport2
Landfill (mapped facility)2
Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
Dry cleaner (mapped facility)1
Geothermal plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Nevada Gold Mines Llc - Goldstrike Mines Inc, Carlin
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Arsenic compounds, Zinc compounds, Manganese And Manganese Compounds, Vanadium compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 846,541,532 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89803BRRCK27MIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 10
Nevada Gold Mines Llc - Carlin South Area, Carlin
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Arsenic compounds, Zinc compounds, Lead compounds, Manganese And Manganese Compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 206,379,503 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89822NWMNT6MAIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 10
Bald Mountain Mine, Elko
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead compounds, Mercury compounds, Methanol, Hydrogen cyanide and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 10,153,258 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89803BLDMN70MIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.9
Nevada Gold Mines Llc - Arturo Mine, Carlin
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Mercury compounds, Ammonia and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 4,577,226 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 8982WBRRCK3MILE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.6
Jerritt Canyon Mine, Elko
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Lead compounds, Arsenic compounds, Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,954,261 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89801JRRTT50MIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.3
Nevada Gold Mines Llc- Long Canyon Mine, Oasis
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Lead compounds, Mercury compounds, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,563,979 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 8983WNWMNT688JH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.3
Graymont Western Us Inc Pilot Peak Lime Production, West Wendover
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Mercury And Mercury Compounds, Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. Reports carcinogens. 73,657 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89883GRYMN15MIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.2
Nevada Gold Mines- Emigrant Mine, Carlin
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Hydrogen cyanide, Cyanide compounds, Ammonia and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 37,109 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89822NWMNT15MIL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8
Barrick-Dee Mining Venture, Carlin
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110067661863 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Pilot Thomas Logistics Llc - Carlin Nv, Carlin
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Benzene, Toluene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 535 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 8982WCRLNC923CA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.6
Veris Gold Jerritt Canyon Mine, Elko
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $17,941,100.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043970398 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Graymont Western Us Inc Pilot Peak, West Wendover
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110008061765 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.9
Newmont Mining Corp - Emigrant Mine, Elko
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110059836450 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.7
Long Canyon Mine, Oasis
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070004364 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Elko Rgnl, Elko
Commercial airport. O.
Record ID EKO (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 5
Veris Gold Jerritt Canyon Mine, Elko
Major air pollution source. Penalties $17,941,100.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043970398 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Hollister Mine, --
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055638298 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Joy Global Elko, Elko
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071731575 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.4
Veris Gold Jerritt Canyon Mine, Elko
Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $17,941,100.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043970398 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Veris Gold Jerritt Canyon Mine, Elko
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $17,941,100.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043970398 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Joy Global Elko, Elko
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese. 20 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 89801PHMNP5244E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4
Haycock Petroleum, Carlin
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110042003220 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Joy Global Elko, Elko
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese. 10 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 8980WJYGLB4451P (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 3.8
Veris Gold Jerritt Canyon Mine, Elko
Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $17,941,100.
EPA FRS registry ID 110043970398 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Air Liquide Corp, Elko
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006532644 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Elko County

Nevada state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Elko County, and their findings.
Nevada vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Nevada health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Nevada environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Nevada drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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