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Hall County, Nebraska: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Hall County is 136.6 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 440 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Air permit holder (minor source) (148), Rail grade crossing (111), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (41). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 40.8729, -98.5022.

How this county ranks in Nebraska

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Hall County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Thyroid	New cases	17.8	13	1.37xSignificant	13.3 to 23.2	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	New cases	7.8	6.2	1.26x	5 to 11.6	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	21.3	17.9	1.19x	16.6 to 26.9	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	5.7	4.8	1.19x	3.6 to 8.7	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	5.1	4.4	1.16x	2.9 to 8.2	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	12.1	11.3	1.07x	8.8 to 16.4	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	14.9	14.5	1.03x	11 to 19.6	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	24.2	23.8	1.02x	19.1 to 30.2	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	18	18.5	0.97x	13.9 to 23.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	50	51.8	0.97x	43 to 57.8	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	28.9	30.2	0.96x	23.7 to 35	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	136.6	143.2	0.95x	124.7 to 149.4	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	17.8	18.7	0.95x	13.8 to 22.8	2019-2023
Esophagus	New cases	4.3	4.6	0.93x	2.5 to 7.1	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	423.2	453.4	0.93x	401.6 to 445.7	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	5.3	5.7	0.93x	3.2 to 8.4	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	11.3	13.9	0.81x	8.1 to 15.4	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	5.3	6.6	0.8x	3.2 to 8.3	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	New cases	5.6	8.7	0.64x	3.5 to 8.7	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Hall County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	7,360.5	9,842.6	-25%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	77.2	75.3	+3%	years
Child mortality	54.5	59.8	-9%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	6.6	6.2	+7%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	67.5	96.9	-30%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	8.1	28.6	-72%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde14.64 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.84 per million
Acetaldehyde1.11 per million
Benzene0.68 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 337 days: 278 good, 2 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 34, peak 118.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

440 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Air permit holder (minor source)148
Rail grade crossing111
NPDES wastewater discharge permit41
Gas station (mapped facility)34
Small hazardous waste generator31
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)16
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)13
TRI reporting facility12
Brownfield property8
Large hazardous waste generator7
Major air pollution source5
Large greenhouse gas emitter4
Superfund (NPL) site3
EPA air quality monitor1
Public airport1
Commercial airport1
Hazardous waste transporter1
Heliport1
Coal power plant1
Gas power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Jbs Swift Beef Processing Facility, Grand Island
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $1,853,440.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448285 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 10
Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant, Hall County
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 51.1. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NE2213820234 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Cleburn Street Well, Grand Island
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NED981499312 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Parkview Well, Grand Island
Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.
EPA site ID NEN000704456 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record
Severity 10
Green Plains Wood River, Llc., Wood River
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037424533 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 9
Platte Generating Station, Grand Island
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Hydrogen fluoride, Barium And Barium Compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds, Mercury And Mercury Compounds and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 146,515 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 68801PLTTG1035W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.5
Green Plains Wood River Llc, Wood River
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Acetaldehyde, n-Hexane, Ammonia, Acrolein and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 113,212 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 6888WPNRTR7874S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.4
Swift Beef Co, Grand Island
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Peracetic acid. 241,700 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 68802MNFRT555SO (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.1
Jbs Swift Beef Processing Facility, Grand Island
Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $1,853,440.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448285 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Green Plains Wood River, Llc., Wood River
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037424533 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Platte Generating Station, Grand Island
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448249 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.3
Safety-Kleen Systems Inc - Grand Island Facility, Grand Island
Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $183,427.
EPA FRS registry ID 110015682135 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.3
Chief Industries Inc - Buildings Div, Grand Island
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Nickel, Chromium, Copper. Reports carcinogens. 146 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 68803CHFND2391S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.2
Platte, Grand Island
Coal power plant.
Record ID 59 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 6.1
Green Plains Wood River, Llc., Wood River
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037424533 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Chief Industries - Fabrication Div, Grand Island
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Chromium, Nickel, Copper. Reports carcinogens. 85 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 68801CHFND1119S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6
Jbs Swift Beef Processing Facility, Grand Island
Small hazardous waste generator. Penalties $1,853,440.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448285 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Jbs Swift Beef Processing Facility, Grand Island
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,853,440.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448285 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Green Plains Wood River, Llc., Wood River
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037424533 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Hornady Manufacturing Co, Grand Island
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead And Lead Compounds, Antimony And Antimony Compounds, Copper And Copper Compounds, Zinc compounds. 547 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 68802HRNDY3625O (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.1
Jbs Swift Beef Processing Facility, Grand Island
Air permit holder (minor source). Penalties $1,853,440.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448285 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Central Nebraska Rgnl, Grand Island
Commercial airport. O.
Record ID GRI (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 5
Hornady Manufacturing Company, Grand Island
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110011600428 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Chief Industries Buildings Div, Grand Island
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448294 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.7
Chief Industries - Fabrication Div, Grand Island
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000448221 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.6

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Hall County

Nebraska state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Hall County, and their findings.
Nebraska vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Nebraska health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Nebraska environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Nebraska drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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