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Cumberland County, North Carolina: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Cumberland County is 174.6 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.4 times the U.S. rate and Stomach deaths at 1.4 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 1,091 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (404), Rail grade crossing (215), Brownfield property (187). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 35.051, -78.872.

How this county ranks in North Carolina

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Cumberland County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Lung & bronchusDeaths43.630.21.44xSignificant40.5 to 472020-2024
StomachDeaths3.82.71.41xSignificant2.9 to 4.92020-2024
BladderDeaths5.34.11.29xSignificant4.2 to 6.62020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases6651.81.27xSignificant62.2 to 702019-2023
All cancerDeaths174.6143.21.22xSignificant168.2 to 181.22020-2024
StomachNew cases7.76.61.17x6.4 to 9.22019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.44.81.13x4.3 to 6.72020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases19.317.91.08x17.2 to 21.62019-2023
PancreasNew cases14.913.91.07x13.1 to 16.92019-2023
PancreasDeaths12.111.31.07x10.5 to 13.92020-2024
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.64.41.05x3.6 to 5.82020-2024
All cancerNew cases469.9453.41.04xSignificant459.4 to 480.72019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths6.66.61x5.4 to 7.92020-2024
Brain & nervous systemNew cases6.16.20.98x4.9 to 7.42019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases8.38.70.95x7 to 9.82019-2023
LeukemiaDeaths5.25.70.91x4.1 to 6.52020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths3.13.40.91x2.4 to 4.12020-2024
BladderNew cases16.918.70.9x15 to 192019-2023
EsophagusDeaths3.33.70.89x2.5 to 4.32020-2024
EsophagusNew cases44.60.87x3.1 to 5.12019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases15.718.50.85x13.9 to 17.82019-2023
ThyroidNew cases10.9130.84x9.3 to 12.72019-2023
LeukemiaNew cases11.714.50.81x10.1 to 13.62019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases13.116.40.8x9.6 to 17.42019-2023
Melanoma of the skinNew cases16.823.80.71x14.9 to 192019-2023
Melanoma of the skinDeaths1.120.55x0.6 to 1.72020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Cumberland County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death12,884.49,842.6+31%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy72.975.3-3%years
Child mortality86.259.8+44%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality8.86.2+41%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths114.396.9+18%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths54.928.6+92%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde22.43 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
  • Acetaldehyde2.22 per million
  • Benzene1.12 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 251 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 44, peak 74.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,091 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit404
  • Rail grade crossing215
  • Brownfield property187
  • Gas station (mapped facility)104
  • Air permit holder (minor source)38
  • Small hazardous waste generator30
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)26
  • Solar power plant14
  • TRI reporting facility14
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)13
  • Major air pollution source10
  • Public airport7
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)6
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter6
  • EPA air quality monitor3
  • Commercial airport3
  • Large hazardous waste generator3
  • Heliport2
  • Superfund (NPL) site2
  • Hazardous waste transporter1
  • Landfill (mapped facility)1
  • Gas power plant1
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Chemours Company - Fayetteville Works, Fayetteville

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $305,611.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000559609 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Cape Fear Wood Preserving, Fayetteville

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 34.1. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NCD003188828 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Carolina Transformer Co., Fayetteville

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 33.8. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID NCD003188844 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  4. Alpek Polyester Usa, Llc, Fayetteville

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $14,014.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110072259067 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.4

  5. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Kelly Springfield Tire Company, Fayetteville

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $47,587.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000349784 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.3

  6. U.S. Army Fort Bragg, Fort Bragg

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper, Lead And Lead Compounds, Nickel, Chromium and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,034,786 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28307DPTFRDIREC (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 9.3

  7. Cargill Fayetteville, Fayetteville

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $13,276.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110009849968 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.3

  8. Mann+Hummel Purolator Filters Llc, Fayetteville

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $59,136.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000349766 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.1

  9. Hexion Inc-Fayetteville Facility, Fayetteville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Formaldehyde, Ammonia, Formic acid and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 368,232 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28302BRDNN1411I (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.8

  10. Alpek Polyester Usa Llc, Fayetteville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ethylene glycol, Acetaldehyde, 1,4-Dioxane, Biphenyl and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 293,189 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28302CMRCSPOBOX (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.7

  11. Mann + Hummel Purolator Filters Llc, Fayetteville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Diisononyl Phthalates (DINP), Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Lead, Diisocyanates. Reports carcinogens. 38,556 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28306FCTPR3200N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8

  12. Cargill Inc, Fayetteville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Hexane, Cyclohexane. 2,436,000 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28302CRGLLRIVER (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.9

  13. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Kelly Springfield Tire Company, Fayetteville

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $47,587.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000349784 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  14. Chemours Company - Fayetteville Works, Fayetteville

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $305,611.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000559609 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  15. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co Fayetteville Plant, Fayetteville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Zinc compounds, Lead compounds, Cobalt compounds, Polycyclic aromatic compounds and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 4,394 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28311KLLYS6650R (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.3

  16. Us Army Fort Bragg, Fort Bragg

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $12,598.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110017421501 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.3

  17. Darling Ingredients Inc - Fayetteville Facility, Fayetteville

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chlorine dioxide, Ammonia, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution). 255,012 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 28302CPFRF1309I (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.1

  18. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Kelly Springfield Tire Company, Fayetteville

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $47,587.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000349784 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  19. Chemours Company - Fayetteville Works, Fayetteville

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $305,611.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000559609 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  20. Chemours Company - Fayetteville Works, Fayetteville

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $305,611.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000559609 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  21. Us Army Fort Bragg, Fort Bragg

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $12,598.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110017421501 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.8

  22. Us Army Fort Bragg, Fort Bragg

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $12,598.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110017421501 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.8

  23. Alpek Polyester Usa, Llc, Fayetteville

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $14,014.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110072259067 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.8

  24. U.S. Army Fort Bragg, Fort Bragg

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110064176877 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  25. Mann+Hummel Purolator Filters Llc, Fayetteville

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $59,136.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000349766 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Cumberland County

  • North Carolina state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Cumberland County, and their findings.

  • North Carolina vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • North Carolina health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • North Carolina environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • North Carolina drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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