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Caswell County, North Carolina: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Caswell County is 161.1 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 75 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (31), Rail grade crossing (12), Gas station (mapped facility) (8). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 36.3927, -79.3345.

How this county ranks in North Carolina

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Caswell County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Lung & bronchus	New cases	89.6	51.8	1.73xSignificant	76.2 to 105.1	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	51.6	30.2	1.71xSignificant	41.9 to 63.4	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	15.2	11.3	1.35x	9.7 to 23	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	16.9	13.9	1.22x	11 to 25.2	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	20.2	17.9	1.13x	13.7 to 29.2	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	161.1	143.2	1.13x	142.9 to 181.5	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	26.4	23.8	1.11x	18.7 to 36.5	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	495.6	453.4	1.09xSignificant	460.9 to 532.4	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	13.5	13	1.04x	7.3 to 22.6	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	16.7	18.5	0.9x	10.9 to 24.9	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	14	18.7	0.75x	9.4 to 20.9	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Caswell County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,423.1	9,842.6	+6%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	74.4	75.3	-1%	years
Child mortality	54.7	59.8	-8%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	121.2	96.9	+25%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	29.5	28.6	+3%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde20.99 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.92 per million
Acetaldehyde2.21 per million
Benzene0.96 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 245 days: 233 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 37, peak 77.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

75 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit31
Rail grade crossing12
Gas station (mapped facility)8
Air permit holder (minor source)6
Solar power plant5
Public airport4
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)3
TRI reporting facility2
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)2
EPA air quality monitor1
Scrapyard (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Chemtek Inc. Yanceyville Manufacturing Facility, Blanch
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Nonylphenol Ethoxylates. Reports carcinogens. 15 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 2721WCHMTK697CU (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.4
Town Of Yanceyville, Yanceyville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $2,258.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006709641 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Energy Dynamics Inc, Yanceyville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 27379NRGYD753CO (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.5
Burlington Industries Inc Williamsburg Plant, Blanch
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110002338373 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Milton Wwtp, Milton
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110017889506 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Energy Dynamics Inc, Yanceyville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110020058916 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Chemtek, Inc. Yanceyville Manufacturing Facility, Blanch
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110035820403 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Yanceyville Wtp, Yanceyville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006710960 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
J.W. Smith / Camp Spring 76, Reidsville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110018518353 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
South Elementary Wtp, Mebane
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071661934 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Yanceyville Muni, Yanceyville
Public airport. O.
Record ID 6W4 (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Apac Virginia Pelham Plant, Pelham
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001475975 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Nichols, Lewis, Pelham
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006715073 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
P And D Automotive Systems, Pelham
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006718640 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Shelton Quarry, Pelham
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009859518 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Sunrock Industries Llc - Prospect Hill Rmc And Distribution, Prospect Hill
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070106801 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Sunrock Industries Llc - Burlington North Asphalt / Concrete, Green Level
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070924755 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Sunrock Industries Llc - Prospect Hill Quarry, Prospect Hill
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070928962 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Poteat Forest Home Lake And Dam - Maintenance Improvements, Blanch
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071910983 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Pelham Solar, Llc, Pelham
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071911848 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Pelham Substation, Pelham
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071912618 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Hal Properties Research Building, Pelhem
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071913908 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Disposal Site - Henry West, Providence
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071915498 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Hal Properties Hospitality Building, Providence
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071917203 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Solaris, Reidsville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071918021 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Caswell County

North Carolina state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Caswell County, and their findings.
North Carolina vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
North Carolina health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
North Carolina environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
North Carolina drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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