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Gallatin County, Montana: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Gallatin County is 120.9 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Melanoma of the skin deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 809 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (522), Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility) (76), Rail grade crossing (73). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 45.3155, -111.2056.

How this county ranks in Montana

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Gallatin County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinNew cases43.623.81.83xSignificant38.4 to 49.32019-2023
Melanoma of the skinDeaths3.421.7xSignificant2.1 to 5.32020-2024
Brain & nervous systemDeaths5.94.41.34x4.1 to 8.22020-2024
Brain & nervous systemNew cases7.96.21.27x5.7 to 10.62019-2023
BladderNew cases21.318.71.14x17.6 to 25.62019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.24.81.08x3.4 to 7.62020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases15.214.51.05x12.2 to 18.92019-2023
All cancerNew cases438.2453.40.97x421.1 to 455.72019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases1718.50.92x13.8 to 20.82019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths3.13.40.91x1.8 to 4.92020-2024
EsophagusNew cases4.14.60.89x2.7 to 6.12019-2023
PancreasDeaths9.711.30.86x7.3 to 12.72020-2024
BladderDeaths3.54.10.85x2.1 to 5.42020-2024
All cancerDeaths120.9143.20.84x111.9 to 130.42020-2024
Liver & bile ductNew cases7.38.70.84x5.2 to 9.92019-2023
ThyroidNew cases10.6130.82x8.1 to 13.62019-2023
EsophagusDeaths33.70.81x1.8 to 4.72020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths4.55.70.79x2.9 to 6.72020-2024
PancreasNew cases10.513.90.76x7.9 to 13.62019-2023
StomachNew cases4.96.60.74x3.2 to 7.22019-2023
Lung & bronchusNew cases32.851.80.63x28.2 to 37.92019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases11.317.90.63x8.7 to 14.42019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths4.16.60.62x2.6 to 6.22020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths16.830.20.56x13.5 to 20.52020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Gallatin County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death4,2769,842.6-57%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy8275.3+9%years
Child mortality40.259.8-33%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality3.46.2-46%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths57.196.9-41%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths7.128.6-75%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde10.96 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.56 per million
  • Naphthalene1.72 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.4 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 358 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 11, peak 70.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

809 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit522
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)76
  • Rail grade crossing73
  • Gas station (mapped facility)60
  • Public airport14
  • Air permit holder (minor source)10
  • Small hazardous waste generator10
  • Brownfield property9
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)5
  • TRI reporting facility4
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)4
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter3
  • Heliport3
  • Landfill (mapped facility)3
  • Major air pollution source2
  • EPA air quality monitor2
  • Commercial airport2
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
  • Airfield1
  • Crematorium (mapped facility)1
  • Large hazardous waste generator1
  • Superfund (NPL) site1
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Idaho Pole Co., Bozeman

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 38.3. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID MTD006232276 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Trident, Three Forks

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001473815 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.9

  3. Gcc-Three Forks Llc, Three Forks

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Lead And Lead Compounds, Mercury And Mercury Compounds, Mercury compounds and 1 more. 212,871 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 59752HLNMN4070T (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.1

  4. Jtl Group Belgrade Dba Knife River - Belgrade, Belgrade

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution), Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,295 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 59714JTLGR2173F (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.9

  5. Trident, Three Forks

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001473815 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.3

  6. Trident, Three Forks

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001473815 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  7. Trident, Three Forks

    Large greenhouse gas emitter.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001473815 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  8. Gallatin County Logan Landfill, Manhattan

    Large greenhouse gas emitter.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110011048179 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  9. Bozeman Yellowstone Intl, Bozeman

    Commercial airport. O.

    Record ID BZN (FAA / U.S. DOT)

    Severity 5

  10. Yellowstone, West Yellowstone

    Commercial airport. O.

    Record ID WYS (FAA / U.S. DOT)

    Severity 5

  11. Jtl Group Belgrade Dba Knife River - Belgrade, Belgrade

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001473799 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  12. Country Classic Dairies Darigold, Bozeman

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110002124451 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  13. City Of Belgrade- Belgrade Wastewater Treatment Plant, Belgrade

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110010121206 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  14. Kenyon Noble Ready Mix, Big Sky

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110011049105 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  15. Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110011049926 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  16. Ophir School District # 72, Gallatin Gateway

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110012357127 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  17. Bozeman Hot Springs Campground Wastewater Treatment System, Bozeman

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110012804714 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  18. Ramshorn View Estates, Gallatin Gateway

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110013342329 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  19. Elk Grove Water, Bozeman

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110013342356 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  20. Rae Water And Sewer Dist 313-Uv Treatment Plant, Bozeman

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110013342383 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  21. Red Creek Ranch, West Yellowstone

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110013342392 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  22. Kenyon Noble Ready Mix, Bozeman

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110020845399 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  23. East Gallatin Commercial Center, Belgrade

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110023137309 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  24. Belgrade Gardens Subdivision, Belgrade

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110025310090 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  25. Firelight Meadows Subdivision, Big Sky

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110028121191 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Gallatin County

  • Montana state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Gallatin County, and their findings.

  • Montana vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Montana health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Montana environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Montana drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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