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Cumberland County, Maine: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Cumberland County is 140.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 1,370 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (295), Rail grade crossing (179), Air permit holder (minor source) (168). 3 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 43.8491, -70.4137.

How this county ranks in Maine

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Cumberland County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinNew cases30.723.81.29xSignificant28.3 to 33.32019-2023
BladderNew cases23.318.71.25xSignificant21.3 to 25.42019-2023
EsophagusNew cases5.54.61.2x4.5 to 6.62019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.44.81.13x4.5 to 6.52020-2024
ThyroidNew cases14.6131.12x12.8 to 16.62019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.94.41.11x4 to 62020-2024
Melanoma of the skinDeaths2.221.1x1.6 to 2.92020-2024
EsophagusDeaths43.71.08x3.2 to 52020-2024
All cancerNew cases465.8453.41.03xSignificant456.3 to 475.42019-2023
Lung & bronchusDeaths30.930.21.02x28.7 to 33.32020-2024
PancreasNew cases14.213.91.02x12.6 to 15.92019-2023
Lung & bronchusNew cases52.951.81.02x49.9 to 562019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases6.36.21.02x5.2 to 7.62019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases18.418.50.99x16.6 to 20.52019-2023
All cancerDeaths140.7143.20.98x135.8 to 145.82020-2024
BladderDeaths44.10.98x3.2 to 4.92020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases1414.50.97x12.4 to 15.82019-2023
LeukemiaDeaths5.55.70.96x4.5 to 6.62020-2024
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases15.816.40.96x11.1 to 21.92019-2023
PancreasDeaths10.611.30.94x9.3 to 122020-2024
Liver & bile ductDeaths5.96.60.89x4.9 to 72020-2024
StomachDeaths2.42.70.89x1.8 to 3.12020-2024
StomachNew cases5.46.60.82x4.5 to 6.62019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases7.18.70.82x6 to 8.42019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases14.417.90.8x12.8 to 16.22019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths2.63.40.76x1.9 to 3.42020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Cumberland County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death6,232.19,842.6-37%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy79.575.3+6%years
Child mortality37.159.8-38%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality5.26.2-16%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths92.996.9-4%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths34.528.6+21%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde13.4 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride3.05 per million
  • Naphthalene1.92 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.7 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 271 good, 5 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 39, peak 136.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,370 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit295
  • Rail grade crossing179
  • Air permit holder (minor source)168
  • Brownfield property160
  • Small hazardous waste generator110
  • Gas station (mapped facility)104
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)61
  • Industrial wastewater discharge57
  • Combined sewer overflow outfall47
  • Large hazardous waste generator38
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)24
  • TRI reporting facility19
  • Hazardous waste transporter17
  • Airfield11
  • Landfill (mapped facility)11
  • Public airport9
  • Heliport9
  • Major air pollution source8
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)8
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)6
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)5
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter5
  • EPA air quality monitor4
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)3
  • Commercial airport2
  • Biomass power plant2
  • Hydroelectric plant2
  • Oil-fired power plant2
  • Superfund (NPL) site2
  • Crematorium (mapped facility)1
  • Gas power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Brunswick Naval Air Station, Brunswick

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 43.4. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID ME8170022018 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Keddy Mill, Windham

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID MEN000106078 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Sappi N.A. - Westbrook Operations, Westbrook

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Lead And Lead Compounds and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 393,285 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04092SDWRR89CUM (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.8

  4. Bath Iron Works-Structural Fabrication Facility (Formerly Ha, Brunswick

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Manganese, Copper, Propylene and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 83,588 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04011BTHRNROUTE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.3

  5. Sabre Corp, Raymond

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 31,041 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04071SBRYCHAWTH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.9

  6. Citgo Petroleum Corp South Portland Terminal, South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Hexane, Toluene, Xylene (mixed isomers), Benzene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 15,727 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04116STHPR102ME (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.7

  7. South Portland Terminal (Sptpm), South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, n-Hexane, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Xylene (mixed isomers) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 13,820 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04107MBLLS170LI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.7

  8. Sunoco Midstream Llc, South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene, n-Hexane, Benzene, Xylene (mixed isomers) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 4,343 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04106GLFLL175FR (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.3

  9. Global Cos Llc-South Portland Terminal, South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Ethylbenzene, Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 3,273 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04106NRTHSONECL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.2

  10. Sprague South Portland, South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Toluene, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Naphthalene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 2,499 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04106SPRGS59MAI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.1

  11. S D Warren Co, Westbrook

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110020857134 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  12. Sabre Yachts, Raymond

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000314240 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  13. Clean Harbors Environmental Services Inc., South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Hexane, Ethylene glycol, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Zinc compounds and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 429 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 0410WCLNHR37RUM (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.5

  14. Bath Iron Works Corporation - Harding Facility, Brunswick

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110039678346 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  15. Diodes Us Manufacturing Inc, South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Hydrogen fluoride, Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Nitric acid. 8,152 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04106NTNLS333WE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6

  16. Citgo Petroleum Terminal, South Portland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000314393 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.9

  17. Texas Instruments Inc, South Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Hydrogen fluoride, Ammonia, Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution) and 1 more. 4,583 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04106NTNLS5FODE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.8

  18. Sprague Energy Terminal, South Portland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000759849 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  19. East End Wastewater Treatment Facility, Portland

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000568877 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  20. Sunoco Midstream, Llc, South Portland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000314357 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.6

  21. Nichols Portland, Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Copper. Reports carcinogens. 29 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 04102NCHLS2400C (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.6

  22. Maine Standard Biofuels, Portland

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol. 2,502 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 0410WMNSTN51ING (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.6

  23. South Portland Terminal Llc, South Portland

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000732930 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.6

  24. Silvex Surface Technology, Westbrook

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110041131147 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  25. Southern Maine Industries Corp, Gorham

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $49,920.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000835419 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Cumberland County

  • Maine state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Cumberland County, and their findings.

  • Maine vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Maine health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Maine environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Maine drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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