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Orange County, Indiana: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Orange County is 198.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 140 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (39), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (31), Industrial wastewater discharge (27). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 38.5417, -86.4952.

How this county ranks in Indiana

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Orange County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	51.4	30.2	1.7xSignificant	40.5 to 64.8	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	83.5	51.8	1.61xSignificant	69.4 to 100.1	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	27.4	17.9	1.53xSignificant	19.5 to 37.9	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	198.3	143.2	1.38xSignificant	175.4 to 223.7	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	13.8	11.3	1.22x	8.5 to 21.8	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	21.6	18.7	1.16x	14 to 32.1	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	488.5	453.4	1.08x	450.8 to 528.8	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	15.5	14.5	1.07x	9.6 to 24.2	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	21.4	23.8	0.9x	13.7 to 32	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	14.8	18.5	0.8x	8.8 to 23.8	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	11	13.9	0.79x	6.2 to 18.4	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Orange County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	9,621.5	9,842.6	-2%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	74.2	75.3	-1%	years
Child mortality	71.4	59.8	+20%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	97.7	96.9	+1%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	23.7	28.6	-17%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde19.4 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
Acetaldehyde1.91 per million
Benzene0.84 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

140 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Rail grade crossing39
NPDES wastewater discharge permit31
Industrial wastewater discharge27
Gas station (mapped facility)10
Combined sewer overflow outfall9
Brownfield property7
Air permit holder (minor source)5
Public airport2
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
Small hazardous waste generator2
Major air pollution source1
Commercial airport1
Large hazardous waste generator1
Heliport1
TRI reporting facility1
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Inliner Solutions Llc, Orleans
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene. Reports carcinogens. 22,440 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 4745WLYNCH452NS (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.8
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 5.6
Layne Inliner Llc, Orleans
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110060280716 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
French Lick Municipal Wwtp, West Baden Springs
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $19,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009739051 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009974974 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:001 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:002 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:003 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:004 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:005 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:006 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:007 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Municipal Wwtp, Paoli
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0024023:008 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Paoli Inc, Orleans
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000592706 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Texas Eastern Transmission Lp French Lick Compressor Station, French Lick
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006005982 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Calcar Quarry, Paoli
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110007057932 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Former White Castle, Orleans
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110044763547 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Former Paoli Fire Station, Paoli
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071965215 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
French Lick Winery, French Lick
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071974743 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Feed Mill, French Lick
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071974744 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Mineral Springs Hotel, Paoli
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071974747 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Industrial Facility, French Lick
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071987085 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Industrial Warehouse, Paoli
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072136082 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
French Lick Municipal Wwtp, West Baden
Industrial wastewater discharge. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0022951: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.9
Calcar Quarry, Paoli
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110007057932 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Orange County

Indiana state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Orange County, and their findings.
Indiana vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Indiana health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Indiana environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Indiana drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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