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Madison County, Indiana: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Madison County is 176.9 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Melanoma of the skin deaths at 1.8 times the U.S. rate and Kidney & renal pelvis deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 719 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (205), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (167), Industrial wastewater discharge (117). 5 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 40.1561, -85.7194.

How this county ranks in Indiana

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Madison County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinDeaths3.521.75xSignificant2.3 to 52020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths5.73.41.68xSignificant4.2 to 7.62020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths49.430.21.64xSignificant44.9 to 54.32020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases79.651.81.54xSignificant73.9 to 85.72019-2023
EsophagusNew cases6.64.61.43xSignificant5.1 to 8.62019-2023
EsophagusDeaths53.71.35x3.7 to 6.72020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths7.55.71.32x5.7 to 9.62020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases18.214.51.26xSignificant15.3 to 21.42019-2023
All cancerDeaths176.9143.21.24xSignificant168.1 to 1862020-2024
BladderNew cases23.118.71.24xSignificant20 to 26.52019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases21.617.91.21xSignificant18.4 to 25.22019-2023
BladderDeaths4.74.11.15x3.4 to 6.42020-2024
PancreasDeaths12.111.31.07x9.9 to 14.72020-2024
Liver & bile ductNew cases9.38.71.07x7.4 to 11.62019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths76.61.06x5.4 to 92020-2024
All cancerNew cases477.1453.41.05xSignificant462.4 to 492.22019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases18.318.50.99x15.5 to 21.62019-2023
StomachNew cases6.36.60.95x4.7 to 8.22019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.24.40.95x2.8 to 5.92020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths4.44.80.92x3.1 to 6.22020-2024
PancreasNew cases12.613.90.91x10.4 to 15.32019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases14.816.40.9x8.6 to 23.72019-2023
Melanoma of the skinNew cases20.723.80.87x17.6 to 24.22019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases56.20.81x3.5 to 72019-2023
ThyroidNew cases6.8130.52x5 to 92019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Madison County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death11,656.19,842.6+18%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy73.275.3-3%years
Child mortality68.159.8+14%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality7.66.2+22%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths116.496.9+20%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths47.728.6+67%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde17 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.7 per million
  • Benzene1.19 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 260 good, 2 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 41, peak 122.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

719 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • Rail grade crossing205
  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit167
  • Industrial wastewater discharge117
  • Combined sewer overflow outfall50
  • Brownfield property45
  • Gas station (mapped facility)38
  • Air permit holder (minor source)20
  • Small hazardous waste generator11
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)8
  • TRI reporting facility7
  • Solar power plant6
  • Major air pollution source5
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)5
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter5
  • Large hazardous waste generator5
  • Hazardous waste transporter5
  • Public airport4
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)4
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
  • Gas power plant2
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Heliport1
  • Landfill (mapped facility)1
  • Wind power plant1
  • Superfund (NPL) site1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Broadway Street Corridor Groundwater Contamination, Anderson

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID INN000510915 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Nestle Usa Inc Beverage Div, Anderson

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $9,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110033155920 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 8.6

  3. Elsa Llc, Elwood

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: 1-Bromopropane, Manganese, Chromium, Nickel and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 123,886 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46036LSCRP1240S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.4

  4. Poet Biorefining Alexandria Llc, Alexandria

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Acetaldehyde, n-Hexane, Formaldehyde, Formic acid and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 56,617 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 4600WPTBRF13179 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.1

  5. Poet Biorefining - Alexandria, Alexandria

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $142,063.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110037389224 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.9

  6. Owens Brockway Glass Container Inc, Lapel

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000846167 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.4

  7. Elsa Llc, Elwood

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $37,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000396161 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.4

  8. Nestle Usa Inc Beverage Div, Anderson

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $9,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110033155920 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.3

  9. Anderson Wwtp, Anderson

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110006645434 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  10. Owens Brockway Glass Container Inc, Lapel

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110072214609 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  11. Alexandria Wwtp, Alexandria

    Combined sewer overflow outfall. No Violation Identified.

    NPDES permit IN0020044: (U.S. EPA NPDES)

    Severity 6

  12. Anderson Wwtp, Anderson

    Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.

    NPDES permit IN0032476: (U.S. EPA NPDES)

    Severity 6

  13. Elwood Wwtp, City Of, Elwood

    Combined sewer overflow outfall. Violation Identified.

    NPDES permit IN0032719: (U.S. EPA NPDES)

    Severity 6

  14. Nestle Usa Inc-Anderson, Anderson

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nitric acid, Peracetic acid, Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution). 4,762 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 4601WNSTS431W7X (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.8

  15. Moriroku Technology N.A. - A, Anderson

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Toluene. 4,083 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 4601WGRNVL3511W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.8

  16. Nestle Usa Inc Beverage Div, Anderson

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $9,200.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110033155920 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  17. Summitville Wwtp, Summitville

    Combined sewer overflow outfall. No Violation Identified.

    NPDES permit IN0024562: (U.S. EPA NPDES)

    Severity 5.5

  18. Advanced Magnesium Alloys Corp (Amacor), Anderson

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $8,750.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110022533070 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  19. Poet Biorefining - Alexandria, Alexandria

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $142,063.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110037389224 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  20. Owens Brockway Glass Container Inc Plant #08, Lapel

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead compounds, Lead And Lead Compounds. 1,459 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46051WNSBRBROOK (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.4

  21. Greenville Technology Inc. Anderson, Anderson

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110070557749 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.4

  22. Owens Brockway Glass Container Inc, Lapel

    Large hazardous waste generator.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000846167 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.3

  23. Anderson- Eastside Elem. School, Anderson

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 180950011 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 5.1

  24. Elsa Llc, Elwood

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $37,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000396161 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  25. Anderson, Anderson

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $5,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001678006 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Madison County

  • Indiana state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Madison County, and their findings.

  • Indiana vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Indiana health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Indiana environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Indiana drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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