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Jefferson County, Indiana: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Jefferson County is 177.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Brain & nervous system deaths at 1.9 times the U.S. rate and Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.5 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 230 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (67), Industrial wastewater discharge (58), Rail grade crossing (30). 2 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 38.7564, -85.4431.

How this county ranks in Indiana

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Jefferson County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	8.5	4.4	1.93xSignificant	4.9 to 14	2020-2024
Leukemia	Deaths	8.6	5.7	1.51x	5 to 13.9	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	44.9	30.2	1.49xSignificant	36.6 to 54.6	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	68.7	51.8	1.33xSignificant	58.4 to 80.4	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	177.7	143.2	1.24xSignificant	160.4 to 196.5	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	12.2	11.3	1.08x	8 to 18	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	13.6	13.9	0.98x	9.2 to 19.7	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	432.4	453.4	0.95x	404.5 to 461.9	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	13.7	14.5	0.94x	9 to 20.2	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	17.6	18.7	0.94x	12.4 to 24.5	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	8.1	8.7	0.93x	5 to 12.8	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	14.7	18.5	0.79x	9.7 to 21.5	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	12.7	17.9	0.71x	8.3 to 18.8	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	14.8	23.8	0.62x	9.9 to 21.4	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Jefferson County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,875.4	9,842.6	+10%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	73.7	75.3	-2%	years
Child mortality	63.2	59.8	+6%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	100.8	96.9	+4%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	32.6	28.6	+14%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde19.27 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
Acetaldehyde2.05 per million
Benzene1.03 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

230 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit67
Industrial wastewater discharge58
Rail grade crossing30
Combined sewer overflow outfall10
Gas station (mapped facility)10
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)9
Small hazardous waste generator8
TRI reporting facility7
Air permit holder (minor source)6
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)5
Public airport3
Brownfield property3
Large hazardous waste generator3
Hazardous waste transporter3
Major air pollution source2
Correctional facility (prison or jail)2
Commercial airport1
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Landfill (mapped facility)1
Coal power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Clifty Creek Station, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Barium And Barium Compounds, Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 6,637,379 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 47250CLFTY1335C (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.7
Indiana Kentucky Electric Corporation - Clifty Creek Station, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402314 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 8.6
Vehicle Service Group, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Manganese, Chromium, Nickel and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 42,654 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 47250RTRYL2700L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.1
Us Dod Usaf Ang Jefferson Proving Ground, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 6,120 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 4725WSDDSF1661W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.4
Arvin Sango Inc, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Copper. Reports carcinogens. 3,359 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 47250RVNSN2905W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.2
Clifty Creek, Madison
Coal power plant.
Record ID 983 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 7.2
Madison Precision Products Inc., Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper, Nickel, Manganese, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 2,610 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 47250MDSNP94E40 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.1
Us Premier Tube Mills, Llc, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000917161 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.9
Us Premier Tube Mills, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers. 106,423 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 47250RLNCL2855M (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.9
Vehicle Service Group A Dover Company, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402369 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.1
Arvin Sango Incorporated, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402378 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Madison Precision Products Inc, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402341 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Indiana Kentucky Electric Corporation - Clifty Creek Station, Madison
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402314 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
City Of Madison, Potw, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000570132 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.3
Indiana Kentucky Electric Corporation - Clifty Creek Station, Madison
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402314 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Procoat Products, Madison
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071714802 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.8
Nucor Tubular Products Llc, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese And Manganese Compounds, Lead, Manganese compounds. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 47250CNTRY44NRT (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.5
Grote Industries Llc, Madison
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens.
TRI facility ID 47250GRTMN2600L (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.5
Indiana Kentucky Electric Corporation - Clifty Creek Station, Madison
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402314 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Madison Chemical Co Inc, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000402332 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Us Premier Tube Mills, Llc, Madison
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000917161 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Century Tube, Madison
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005973027 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Muncie Water Pollution Control Facility, Muncie
Combined sewer overflow outfall. No Violation Identified.
NPDES permit IN0025631:036 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Madison Wwtp, Madison
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0025666:001 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4
Madison Wwtp, Madison
Combined sewer overflow outfall. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit IN0025666:002 (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 4

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Madison Correctional Facility, Madison
EPA FRS registry ID
110037388920
Wastewater permit
None on record
EPA detailed facility report
Jefferson County Sheriff'S Office And Jail, Madison
EPA FRS registry ID
110071068514
Wastewater permit
Yes
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Jefferson County

Indiana state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Jefferson County, and their findings.
Indiana vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Indiana health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Indiana environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Indiana drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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