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Howard County, Indiana: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Howard County is 178.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Kidney & renal pelvis deaths at 1.6 times the U.S. rate and Bladder deaths at 1.5 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 584 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Rail grade crossing (143), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (139), Industrial wastewater discharge (114). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 20 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 40.4717, -86.1193.

How this county ranks in Indiana

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Howard County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinDeaths3.221.6x1.8 to 5.22020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths5.43.41.59xSignificant3.7 to 7.82020-2024
BladderDeaths6.24.11.51xSignificant4.4 to 8.62020-2024
Lung & bronchusDeaths44.430.21.47xSignificant39.2 to 50.12020-2024
EsophagusDeaths5.33.71.43x3.6 to 7.72020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases74.151.81.43xSignificant67.3 to 81.42019-2023
EsophagusNew cases6.44.61.39x4.4 to 8.92019-2023
PancreasNew cases18.813.91.35xSignificant15.3 to 22.92019-2023
ThyroidNew cases17.1131.32xSignificant13.2 to 21.72019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases23.317.91.3xSignificant19.3 to 28.12019-2023
All cancerDeaths178.3143.21.25xSignificant167.5 to 189.72020-2024
PancreasDeaths13.611.31.2x10.8 to 17.12020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases17.114.51.18x13.6 to 21.32019-2023
All cancerNew cases508.3453.41.12xSignificant489 to 528.12019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths5.34.81.1x3.6 to 7.72020-2024
BladderNew cases19.118.71.02x15.7 to 23.12019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases18.618.51.01x15.1 to 22.72019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.44.41x2.9 to 6.62020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths5.15.70.89x3.5 to 7.42020-2024
StomachNew cases5.86.60.88x3.9 to 8.42019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases5.46.20.87x3.6 to 82019-2023
Liver & bile ductNew cases7.58.70.86x5.4 to 10.12019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths5.66.60.85x3.9 to 7.82020-2024
Melanoma of the skinNew cases18.623.80.78x15 to 22.92019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Howard County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death12,108.69,842.6+23%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy7375.3-3%years
Child mortality69.159.8+16%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality6.56.2+5%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths120.396.9+24%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths51.628.6+80%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 20 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde16 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
  • Acetaldehyde1.56 per million
  • Benzene1.04 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 362 days: 241 good, 3 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 43, peak 122.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

584 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • Rail grade crossing143
  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit139
  • Industrial wastewater discharge114
  • Brownfield property46
  • Combined sewer overflow outfall40
  • Gas station (mapped facility)26
  • Small hazardous waste generator11
  • Air permit holder (minor source)10
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)10
  • TRI reporting facility8
  • Major air pollution source7
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)5
  • Large hazardous waste generator4
  • Hazardous waste transporter4
  • Public airport3
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter2
  • Heliport2
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
  • Superfund (NPL) site2
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
  • EPA air quality monitor1
  • Commercial airport1
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
  • Solar power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 31.9. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID IND001213503 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Kokomo Contaminated Ground Water Plume, Kokomo

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID INN000510479 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Fca Us Kokomo Casting Plant, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Aluminum (fume or dust), Ammonia, Copper, Nickel and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 25,714 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46904KKMCS1001E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.9

  4. Haynes International Inc, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Nitric acid, Cobalt and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 20,095 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46902HYNSN1020W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.8

  5. Syndicate Sales Inc, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Formaldehyde, Phenol. Reports carcinogens. 14,147 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46901SYNDC945SL (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.7

  6. Fca Us Kokomo Transmission Plant, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Manganese compounds, Lead, Chromium and 3 more. Reports carcinogens. 4,531 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46902KKMTR2401S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.3

  7. Haynes International Inc, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $4,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000401351 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.2

  8. Fca Us Indiana Transmission Plant, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Copper, Chromium, Manganese and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,821 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46901NDNTR3660N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7

  9. Jwa Co Ltd, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110071673369 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.1

  10. Jwa Co. Ltd., Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. 8,720 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 4690WJWCLT1679B (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6

  11. Starplus Energy Llc, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Cobalt. Reports carcinogens. 87 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 4690WSTRPL2724N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6

  12. Fca Us Llc, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000401360 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  13. Syndicate Sales, Inc., Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110012112052 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.6

  14. Chrysler Kokomo Casting Plant, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000401397 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  15. City Of Kokomo Waste Water Treatment Facility, Kokomo

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000574496 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  16. Fca Us Indiana Transmission Plant, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110064160937 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  17. J Shaw Industries Llc Dba Kokomo Opalescent Glass Company, Kokomo

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $25,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110011988448 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5

  18. Kokomo- E. Vaile Rd., Kokomo

    EPA air quality monitor.

    Record ID 180670004 (U.S. EPA AirData)

    Severity 4.9

  19. Starplus Energy, Llc, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110071901687 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.9

  20. Gm Components Holdings Llc Kokomo Ops, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 1 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 46904DLCLC1800E (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 4.8

  21. Soulbrain Mi Incorporated, Kokomo

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110071424627 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.8

  22. Haynes International Inc, Kokomo

    Major air pollution source.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110072214543 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.8

  23. Haynes International Inc, Kokomo

    Large hazardous waste generator. Penalties $4,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000401351 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  24. Haynes International Inc, Kokomo

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $4,250.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000401351 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 4.5

  25. Kokomo Engine Plant, Kokomo

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Lead, Manganese, Copper. Reports carcinogens.

    TRI facility ID 4690WKKMNG336NU (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 4.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

  • Howard County Sheriff'S Office And Jail, Kokomo

    EPA FRS registry ID
    x66044b6289c13b740a66074f87972531
    Wastewater permit
    Yes

    EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Howard County

  • Indiana state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Howard County, and their findings.

  • Indiana vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Indiana health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Indiana environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Indiana drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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