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Madison County, Georgia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Madison County is 178.4 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Brain & nervous system deaths at 2.4 times the U.S. rate and Lung & bronchus deaths at 1.4 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 229 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (111), Industrial wastewater discharge (47), Rail grade crossing (33). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 34.1365, -83.2065.

How this county ranks in Georgia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Madison County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	10.4	4.4	2.36xSignificant	6.1 to 16.7	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	11.6	6.2	1.87xSignificant	7.1 to 18.2	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	85	51.8	1.64xSignificant	72.8 to 98.9	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	42.9	30.2	1.42xSignificant	34.5 to 53	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	23.1	18.5	1.25x	16.7 to 31.4	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	178.4	143.2	1.25xSignificant	160 to 198.5	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	22.5	18.7	1.2x	16.3 to 30.4	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	15.2	13	1.17x	9.4 to 23	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	509.5	453.4	1.12xSignificant	477.4 to 543.3	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	26.6	23.8	1.12x	19.4 to 35.6	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	16	14.5	1.1x	10.8 to 23.1	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	19.7	17.9	1.1x	14 to 27.2	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	7.9	8.7	0.91x	4.5 to 13.1	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	11.9	13.9	0.86x	7.4 to 18.4	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Madison County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	10,545	9,842.6	+7%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	74.2	75.3	-1%	years
Child mortality	61.5	59.8	+3%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	8.6	6.2	+39%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	113.6	96.9	+17%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	44.2	28.6	+54%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde25.15 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.89 per million
Acetaldehyde2.45 per million
Benzene0.92 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

229 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit111
Industrial wastewater discharge47
Rail grade crossing33
Gas station (mapped facility)18
Air permit holder (minor source)4
Major air pollution source3
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)3
Public airport2
Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
Large greenhouse gas emitter1
Small hazardous waste generator1
Biomass power plant1
Solar power plant1
TRI reporting facility1
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Grp Madison Renewable Energy Facility, Llc, Colbert
Major air pollution source. Penalties $10,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064738789 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.5
Grp Madison Renewable Energy Facility, Llc, Colbert
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $10,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064738789 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Weyerhaeuser, Colbert
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110022522714 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.5
Weyerhaeuser, Colbert
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110022522714 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
House Of Raeford Columbia Farms Of Ga Feed Mill, Comer
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037591807 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Colbert Grinding Operation, Colbert
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070825998 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, Llc - Compressor Station 130, Comer
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005675439 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Comer, City Of (Comer Wpcp), Comer
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009139752 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Ac Auto Inc., Hull
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071404708 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, Llc - Compressor Station 130, Comer
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005675439 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
House Of Raeford/Columbia Farms Of Ga Feed Mill, Comer
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper compounds, Manganese compounds, Zinc compounds.
TRI facility ID 3062WHSFRF55CPE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 3
Columbia Farms Of Georgia, Inc, Comer
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110038448007 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Grp Madison Renewable Energy Facility, Colbert
Biomass power plant.
Record ID 61213 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 2.6
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, Llc - Compressor Station 130, Comer
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005675439 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
House Of Raeford Columbia Farms Of Ga Feed Mill, Comer
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110037591807 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.5
Grp Madison Renewable Energy Facility, Llc, Colbert
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071078887 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.3
Grp Madison Renewable Energy Facility, Llc, Colbert
Industrial wastewater discharge. Violation Identified.
NPDES permit GA0050283: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.2
Danielsville, City Of (Danielsville Wpcp), Danielsville
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010038798 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
House Of Raeford Columbia Farms Of Ga Feed Mill, Comer
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110037591807 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, Llc - Compressor Station 130, Comer
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110005675439 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Madison County Industrial Development And Building Authority (Madison County Ind, Hull
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064617776 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Giang T. Nguyen (Poultry Houses) - 201 Stone Stewart Road, Hull
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070006134 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Nance Road Over Butler Creek Bridge Replacement, Unknown
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070006829 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Pine Hills Farm, Llc (4 Poultry Houses & Related Items), Colbert
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070007095 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Huynh Poultry Houses, Unknown
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070007828 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Madison County

Georgia state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Madison County, and their findings.
Georgia vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Georgia health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Georgia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Georgia drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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