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Hall County, Georgia: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Hall County is 131.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 2,118 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (1,285), Industrial wastewater discharge (449), Air permit holder (minor source) (93). One correctional facility operates in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 34.3064, -83.7851.

How this county ranks in Georgia

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Hall County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	41.9	23.8	1.76xSignificant	38.3 to 45.8	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	22.5	13	1.73xSignificant	19.7 to 25.6	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	10	8.7	1.15x	8.3 to 11.9	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	7.5	6.6	1.14x	6.1 to 9.2	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	19.9	17.9	1.11x	17.4 to 22.7	2019-2023
Leukemia	New cases	16	14.5	1.1x	13.8 to 18.5	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	499.6	453.4	1.1xSignificant	487 to 512.5	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	20.6	18.7	1.1x	18.2 to 23.4	2019-2023
Childhood cancer (under 15)	New cases	17.3	16.4	1.05x	12.1 to 24.1	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	19.5	18.5	1.05x	17.1 to 22.2	2019-2023
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	4.5	4.4	1.02x	3.4 to 5.8	2020-2024
Pancreas	New cases	14	13.9	1.01x	12 to 16.2	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	5.7	5.7	1x	4.5 to 7.3	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	11.2	11.3	0.99x	9.5 to 13.3	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	50.6	51.8	0.98x	46.8 to 54.7	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	4.6	4.8	0.96x	3.5 to 6	2020-2024
All cancer	Deaths	131.7	143.2	0.92x	125.4 to 138.2	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	5.7	6.2	0.92x	4.3 to 7.3	2019-2023
Stomach	New cases	6	6.6	0.91x	4.7 to 7.6	2019-2023
Bladder	Deaths	3.7	4.1	0.9x	2.7 to 5	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	27	30.2	0.89x	24.3 to 30	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	3	3.4	0.88x	2.1 to 4.2	2020-2024
Melanoma of the skin	Deaths	1.7	2	0.85x	1.1 to 2.6	2020-2024
Stomach	Deaths	2.2	2.7	0.81x	1.4 to 3.2	2020-2024
Esophagus	New cases	2.9	4.6	0.63x	2 to 4	2019-2023
Esophagus	Deaths	2.2	3.7	0.59x	1.4 to 3.2	2020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Hall County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	8,170.2	9,842.6	-17%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	77.2	75.3	+3%	years
Child mortality	48	59.8	-20%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	4.9	6.2	-22%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	74.5	96.9	-23%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	23.9	28.6	-16%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde24.81 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.86 per million
Acetaldehyde2.33 per million
Benzene1.17 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 364 days: 210 good, 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 46, peak 82.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

2,118 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit1,285
Industrial wastewater discharge449
Air permit holder (minor source)93
Gas station (mapped facility)85
Rail grade crossing73
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)30
Small hazardous waste generator27
TRI reporting facility27
Large hazardous waste generator12
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)8
Major air pollution source7
Hazardous waste transporter4
Heliport4
Public airport2
Large greenhouse gas emitter2
Landfill (mapped facility)2
Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
EPA air quality monitor1
Commercial airport1
Correctional facility (prison or jail)1
Dry cleaner (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Mincey Marble Manufacturing Inc., Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Styrene, Dimethyl phthalate. Reports carcinogens. 616,290 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 3050WMNCYM194NE (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.9
Mar-Jac Poultry Inc-Gainesville Plant, Gainesville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064550659 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 8.7
Sheildtec Llc, Buford
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, Chromium, Manganese, Nickel. Reports carcinogens. 80,158 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 3051WLRNGK4961B (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.3
Hydro Extrusion Usa Llc, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Xylene (mixed isomers), Certain glycol ethers, Ethylbenzene, Toluene and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 57,107 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30501NDLXT2905O (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 8.2
Elringklinger Usa Inc, Buford
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070244453 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.9
Cargill Gainesville, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: n-Hexane. 1,850,178 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30501CRGLL949RI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.8
CargillâS Gainesville Vegetable Oil Mill & Refinery, Gainesville
TRI reporting facility. Penalties $9,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000358167 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.6
Whitehead Die Casting Inc, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Aluminum (fume or dust), Zinc (fume or dust), Copper, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 7,261 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30504WHTHD2600A (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.5
Cottrell Inc., Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Lead. Reports carcinogens. 2,167 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30503CTTRL2125C (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 7.1
Harris Calorific Inc., Gainesville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000845435 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Kubota Manufacturing Of America - Gateway Facility, Gainesville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070064723 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7
Mincey Marble Manufacturing Inc, Gainesville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070029851 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.6
Pilgrim'S Pride Gainesville Processing Plant, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Peracetic acid, Ammonia, Ozone. 32,120 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30501CNGRP949IN (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.5
Abb Motors & Mechanical Inc., Flowery Branch
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Copper, Nickel, Manganese, Chromium and 1 more. Reports carcinogens. 296 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30542RLNCL4349A (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.4
Gold Creek Foods Llc Gc5, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Peracetic acid. 21,619 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30501DPSTH2255W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.3
Marel Inc., Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Nickel, Manganese, Copper. Reports carcinogens. 196 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30501STRKG1024A (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.3
Mar-Jac Poultry Inc-Gainesville Plant, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Peracetic acid, Ammonia. 17,654 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 3050WMRJCP12AVI (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 6.3
Gainesville, Gainesville
EPA air quality monitor.
Record ID 131390003 (U.S. EPA AirData)
Severity 6.2
Harris Calorific Inc., Gainesville
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000845435 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Fieldale Farms Corp Murrayville Complex, Murrayville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Certain glycol ethers, Peracetic acid. 6,113 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30564FLDLFGAHWY (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.9
Kubota Manufacturing Of America Corp, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Manganese, Chromium, Nickel, Lead and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 54 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30501KBTMN2715R (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.8
The Pittsburgh Paints Co., Oakwood
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, Zinc compounds, Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and 2 more. 4,836 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 30566THGLD4261W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.8
Conagra Poultry Company, Gainesville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000520035 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.8
Sapa Extruder, Inc., Gainesville
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000358210 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.8
Cantrell Gainco, Gainesville
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Nickel. Reports carcinogens. 46 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 3050WCNTRL2579M (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.8

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Hall County Correctional Institute, Gainesville
EPA FRS registry ID
110005717055
Wastewater permit
Yes
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Hall County

Georgia state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Hall County, and their findings.
Georgia vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Georgia health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Georgia environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Georgia drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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