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Nassau County, Florida: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Nassau County is 158 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Melanoma of the skin deaths at 1.7 times the U.S. rate and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma deaths at 1.5 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 389 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (162), Industrial wastewater discharge (72), Rail grade crossing (69). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 30.5516, -81.8745.

How this county ranks in Florida

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Nassau County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	44.7	23.8	1.88xSignificant	39.6 to 50.4	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	Deaths	3.3	2	1.65xSignificant	2.2 to 5.1	2020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Deaths	7.3	4.8	1.52xSignificant	5.4 to 9.7	2020-2024
Leukemia	New cases	21.5	14.5	1.48xSignificant	18 to 25.5	2019-2023
Esophagus	New cases	6.8	4.6	1.48xSignificant	5 to 9.1	2019-2023
Leukemia	Deaths	7.7	5.7	1.35xSignificant	5.8 to 10.1	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	New cases	8.3	6.2	1.34x	6 to 11.2	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	New cases	60.9	51.8	1.18xSignificant	55.4 to 66.9	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	531.1	453.4	1.17xSignificant	513.5 to 549.3	2019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	New cases	21.1	18.5	1.14x	17.7 to 25	2019-2023
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	34.1	30.2	1.13x	30.1 to 38.5	2020-2024
Bladder	New cases	21	18.7	1.12x	17.8 to 24.7	2019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	20.1	17.9	1.12x	16.7 to 24	2019-2023
Pancreas	New cases	15.5	13.9	1.12x	12.7 to 18.8	2019-2023
Liver & bile duct	New cases	9.6	8.7	1.1x	7.5 to 12.2	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	158	143.2	1.1xSignificant	149 to 167.5	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	Deaths	3.7	3.4	1.09x	2.5 to 5.5	2020-2024
Pancreas	Deaths	12.2	11.3	1.08x	9.9 to 15	2020-2024
Liver & bile duct	Deaths	6.8	6.6	1.03x	5 to 9	2020-2024
Bladder	Deaths	4.2	4.1	1.02x	2.9 to 6.1	2020-2024
Esophagus	Deaths	3.6	3.7	0.97x	2.4 to 5.2	2020-2024
Brain & nervous system	Deaths	3.9	4.4	0.89x	2.6 to 5.7	2020-2024
Stomach	Deaths	2.2	2.7	0.81x	1.3 to 3.8	2020-2024
Stomach	New cases	4.9	6.6	0.74x	3.4 to 7	2019-2023
Thyroid	New cases	9.6	13	0.74x	7.2 to 12.7	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Nassau County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	9,846.7	9,842.6	+0%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	76.4	75.3	+2%	years
Child mortality	68.3	59.8	+14%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	5.1	6.2	-17%	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	100.5	96.9	+4%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	37.8	28.6	+32%	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde18.81 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.9 per million
Acetaldehyde1.64 per million
Benzene0.63 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

389 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

NPDES wastewater discharge permit162
Industrial wastewater discharge72
Rail grade crossing69
Gas station (mapped facility)29
Small hazardous waste generator12
Landfill (mapped facility)7
Air permit holder (minor source)6
TRI reporting facility4
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)4
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)4
Major air pollution source3
Public airport3
Large greenhouse gas emitter3
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)2
Heliport2
Biomass power plant2
EPA air quality monitor1
Commercial airport1
Large hazardous waste generator1
Gas power plant1
Solar power plant1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Westrock, Fernandina Beach
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size), Ammonia, Acetaldehyde and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 6,151,436 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 32034CNTNRNORTH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.7
Rayonier Performance Fibers Llc Fernandina Plant, Fernandina Beach
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Ammonia, Acetaldehyde, Zinc compounds and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 1,742,343 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 32034TTRYNFOOTO (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 9.3
Rayonier Performance Fibers Llc - Fernandina Mill, Fernandina Beach
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027966814 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 9.1
Westrock Fernandina Beach Mill, Fernandina Beach
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000588542 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 7.6
Fernandina Beach, City Of - Fernandina Beach Wwtf, Fernandina Beach
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $18,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000914556 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6.3
Rayonier Performance Fibers Llc - Fernandina Mill, Fernandina Beach
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027966814 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 6
Nassau Regional Wwtf, Yulee
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $10,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027951410 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Rayonier Performance Fibers Llc - Fernandina Mill, Fernandina Beach
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027966814 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5.5
Lignotech Florida Llc, Fernandina Beach
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Dazomet. 556 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 3203WLGNTC1GUMS (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 5.1
Rayonier Performance Fibers Llc - Fernandina Mill, Fernandina Beach
Large greenhouse gas emitter.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027966814 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 5
Lignotech Florida Llc, Fernandina Beach
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070205347 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.9
Argos Yulee Concrete Plant, Yulee
Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Lead. Reports carcinogens. 1 lbs released over 5 years.
TRI facility ID 3209WRGSYL46381 (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)
Severity 4.6
Westrock Fernandina Beach Mill, Fernandina Beach
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000588542 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Amelia Pines (Aka Duck Pond)-Duck Pond Park, Yulee
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010043746 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.3
Rayonier Performance Fibers Llc - Fernandina Mill, Fernandina Beach
Small hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027966814 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Argos Yulee Concrete Plant, Yulee
TRI reporting facility.
EPA FRS registry ID 110069310098 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
Westrock Fernandina Beach Mill, Fernandina Beach
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110000588542 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Marsh Cove Wwtf, Fernandina Beach
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $5,750.
EPA FRS registry ID 110064613547 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.8
Lignotech Florida Llc, Fernandina Beach
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070205347 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Eight Flags Energy, Fernandina Beach
Gas power plant.
Record ID 60025 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 3
Walgreens #09786, Callahan
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110032810938 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Napa Store - Jax081, Yulee
Large hazardous waste generator.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072124490 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Hilliard Wwtf, Hilliard
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110027948283 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Fernandina Beach Mill, Fernandina Beach
Biomass power plant.
Record ID 10202 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 2.6
Fernandina Plant, Fernandina Beach
Biomass power plant.
Record ID 10562 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
Severity 2.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Nassau County

Florida state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Nassau County, and their findings.
Florida vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Florida health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Florida environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Florida drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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