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Costilla County, Colorado: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Costilla County is 107.2 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. Federal databases place 84 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Industrial wastewater discharge (23), Rail grade crossing (16), Brownfield property (13). EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 10 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 37.3265, -105.456.

How this county ranks in Colorado

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Costilla County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
All cancer	New cases	388.1	453.4	0.86x	313 to 478.3	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	107.2	143.2	0.75x	74 to 154.9	2020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Costilla County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	20,238.5	9,842.6	+106%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	69.9	75.3	-7%	years
Child mortality	n/a	59.8	n/a	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	201.4	96.9	+108%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 10 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde7.69 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.28 per million
Acetaldehyde0.42 per million
Pahpom0.32 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

84 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Industrial wastewater discharge23
Rail grade crossing16
Brownfield property13
NPDES wastewater discharge permit13
Air permit holder (minor source)10
Public airport3
Gas station (mapped facility)3
Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

San Luis Gold, San Luis
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110006780956 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Fort Garland Water & San Dist, Fort Garland
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110024562383 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Colorado Aggregate, San Acacio
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110032632051 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
San Acacio Gravel Pit, San Acacio
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070072874 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Kester Pit, Fort Garland
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070948426 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4.5
Colorado Aggregate, San Acacio
Air permit holder (minor source).
EPA FRS registry ID 110032632051 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 4
San Luis Water And San Dist Wwtf, Costilla County
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110009127952 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Valley-Wide Health Clinic, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071965104 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
100 N. Church Place, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071972820 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
104 Gaspar Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071972821 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
137 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973793 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
203 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973794 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
301 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973795 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
318 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973796 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
355 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973797 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
611 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973798 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
614 Main Street, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071973799 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
401 S. Church Place, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071975824 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
San Luis Peoples Market, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071976844 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Town Of San Luis - Old Gym Building, San Luis
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071978039 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Cielo Vista Ranch, San Luis
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071782138 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Costilla County W&S System, Costilla County
Industrial wastewater discharge. Violation Identified.
NPDES permit CO0036528: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.4
San Luis Gold, San Luis
Industrial wastewater discharge. Violation Identified.
NPDES permit CO0045675: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.2
Fort Garland Water & San Dist, Fort Garland
Industrial wastewater discharge. Violation Identified.
NPDES permit COX634075: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.2
Blanca, Blanca
Public airport. O.
Record ID 05V (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

No correctional facility with an EPA record is located in this county.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Costilla County

Colorado state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Costilla County, and their findings.
Colorado vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Colorado health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Colorado environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Colorado drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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