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Boulder County, Colorado: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Boulder County is 108.7 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2. The strongest disease signals are Melanoma of the skin deaths at 1.6 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 1,662 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by NPDES wastewater discharge permit (495), Industrial wastewater discharge (383), Air permit holder (minor source) (339). 2 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 40.0881, -105.3448.

How this county ranks in Colorado

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Boulder County compared with the United States
CancerMeasureCounty rateU.S. rateTimes U.S.95% intervalYears
Melanoma of the skinDeaths3.221.6xSignificant2.4 to 4.12020-2024
Melanoma of the skinNew cases26.423.81.11xSignificant24.1 to 28.92019-2023
Brain & nervous systemNew cases6.86.21.1x5.6 to 8.22019-2023
Brain & nervous systemDeaths4.84.41.09x3.8 to 5.92020-2024
Childhood cancer (under 15)New cases16.616.41.01x11.7 to 22.82019-2023
ThyroidNew cases11.6130.89x10 to 13.42019-2023
All cancerNew cases388.3453.40.86x379.3 to 397.52019-2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaNew cases15.518.50.84x13.7 to 17.52019-2023
BladderDeaths3.44.10.83x2.6 to 4.42020-2024
BladderNew cases15.418.70.82x13.6 to 17.32019-2023
EsophagusDeaths2.93.70.78x2.2 to 3.82020-2024
LeukemiaDeaths4.45.70.77x3.5 to 5.52020-2024
Non-Hodgkin lymphomaDeaths3.74.80.77x2.9 to 4.72020-2024
All cancerDeaths108.7143.20.76x104.1 to 113.62020-2024
PancreasNew cases10.513.90.76x9.1 to 12.12019-2023
PancreasDeaths8.411.30.74x7.1 to 9.82020-2024
EsophagusNew cases3.44.60.74x2.7 to 4.32019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisNew cases1317.90.73x11.4 to 14.82019-2023
StomachDeaths1.92.70.7x1.3 to 2.62020-2024
LeukemiaNew cases10.114.50.7x8.7 to 11.82019-2023
StomachNew cases4.46.60.67x3.5 to 5.52019-2023
Kidney & renal pelvisDeaths2.23.40.65x1.6 to 32020-2024
Liver & bile ductNew cases5.58.70.63x4.5 to 6.72019-2023
Liver & bile ductDeaths4.16.60.62x3.2 to 5.12020-2024
Lung & bronchusNew cases31.551.80.61x29 to 34.22019-2023
Lung & bronchusDeaths15.330.20.51x13.6 to 17.12020-2024

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Boulder County
MeasureCountyU.S. medianDifferenceUnit
Premature death4,570.79,842.6-54%years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy82.375.3+9%years
Child mortality28.959.8-52%deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality3.26.2-48%deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths70.796.9-27%deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths16.728.6-42%deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

  • Formaldehyde17.69 per million
  • Carbon Tetrachloride2.47 per million
  • Naphthalene2.32 per million
  • Benzene1.87 per million

EPA Air Quality Index 2025

Monitored on 365 days: 213 good, 3 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse. Median AQI 48, peak 119.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

1,662 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

  • NPDES wastewater discharge permit495
  • Industrial wastewater discharge383
  • Air permit holder (minor source)339
  • Gas station (mapped facility)80
  • Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)79
  • Rail grade crossing75
  • Small hazardous waste generator52
  • Brownfield property38
  • Large hazardous waste generator21
  • Toxic chemical release facility (TRI)17
  • TRI reporting facility15
  • Dry cleaner (mapped facility)13
  • Major air pollution source9
  • Wastewater plant (mapped facility)6
  • Public airport5
  • Heliport5
  • Hydroelectric plant5
  • EPA air quality monitor4
  • Solar power plant4
  • Large greenhouse gas emitter3
  • Gas power plant3
  • Commercial airport2
  • Correctional facility (prison or jail)2
  • Hazardous waste transporter2
  • Landfill (mapped facility)2
  • Superfund (NPL) site2
  • Scrapyard (mapped facility)1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

  1. Marshall Landfill, Boulder County

    Superfund (NPL) site. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID COD980499255 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  2. Captain Jack Mill, Ward

    Superfund (NPL) site. Hazard Ranking System score 50.6. NPL Site.

    EPA site ID COD981551427 (U.S. EPA Superfund (SEMS/NPL)) Agency record

    Severity 10

  3. Cemex Construction Materials South Llc, Lyons

    TRI reporting facility. Penalties $2,798,425.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467450 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 9.7

  4. Corden Pharma Colorado Inc, Boulder

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Acetonitrile, Methyl tert-butyl ether, Dichloromethane and 4 more. Reports carcinogens. 131,166 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80301SYNTX2075N (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 8.4

  5. Western Foundries Inc, Longmont

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467405 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.9

  6. Corden Pharma Colorado Sterling Drive, Boulder

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Methanol, Methyl tert-butyl ether, Acetonitrile, n-Hexane and 2 more. Reports carcinogens. 15,230 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80301NPRBT4884S (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.7

  7. Cemex Construction Materials South Llc, Lyons

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $2,798,425.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467450 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  8. Univ Of Colo Boulder - Campus, Boulder

    Major air pollution source. Penalties $35,000.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110007351604 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7.5

  9. Lexmark International Inc, Longmont

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Zinc compounds, 1,4-Dioxane. Reports carcinogens. 5,825 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80301LXMRK6555M (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.4

  10. Agilent Technologies Boulder Co, Boulder

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Acetonitrile, Toluene, Dichloromethane, Pyridine. Reports carcinogens. 3,677 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80301HSRCH5555A (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 7.2

  11. Cemex Construction Materials South Llc, Lyons

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $2,798,425.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467450 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  12. Ready Mixed Concrete Co Plant 14, Lafayette

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110040366797 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 7

  13. Circle Graphics Inc, Longmont

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Certain glycol ethers. 39,000 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80501CRCLG129TH (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.5

  14. Cemex Construction Materials South Llc, Lyons

    Large greenhouse gas emitter. Penalties $2,798,425.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467450 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6.5

  15. Cemex Construction Materials South Llc, Longmont

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Ammonia, Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Chromium and Chromium Compounds(except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region), Lead And Lead Compounds and 3 more. 21,461 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80540STHWS5134U (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.3

  16. Western Foundries Inc, Longmont

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Chromium, Nickel, Diisocyanates. Reports carcinogens. 175 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80521WSTRN100MA (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 6.2

  17. Cordenpharma Colorado Inc, Boulder

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467281 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 6

  18. Micro Motion Inc., Boulder

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Nickel, Chromium, Manganese. Reports carcinogens. 75 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80301MCRMT7070W (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.9

  19. Corden Pharma - Sterling Drive, Boulder

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110022512805 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.9

  20. Sherwood Enterprises, Longmont

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110001427778 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  21. Superior Metropolitan Dist No1, Superior

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110064253677 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.8

  22. Boulder Open Space Seep Outfalls 002a And 003a, Boulder

    NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $458,211.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110071277970 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  23. Agilent Technologies Us, Inc., Boulder

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110069446344 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.5

  24. Lexmark International Inc, Longmont

    TRI reporting facility.

    EPA FRS registry ID 110000467236 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record

    Severity 5.4

  25. Dharmacon Inc, Lafayette

    Toxic chemical release facility (TRI). Chemicals: Acetonitrile. 985 lbs released over 5 years.

    TRI facility ID 80026DHRMC265CR (U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory)

    Severity 5.3

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Boulder County

  • Colorado state cancer registry

    Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Boulder County, and their findings.

  • Colorado vital statistics office

    Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.

  • Colorado health department, environmental epidemiology

    Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.

  • Colorado environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office

    Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.

  • Colorado drinking water program

    Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.

  • Department of corrections or county sheriff

    Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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