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Lincoln County, Arkansas: environmental and disease records

Cancer mortality in Lincoln County is 177.1 deaths per 100,000 people per year against a U.S. rate of 143.2, a statistically significant excess. The strongest disease signals are Lung & bronchus deaths at 2 times the U.S. rate. Federal databases place 86 regulated facilities, sites and hazards inside the county, led by Industrial wastewater discharge (28), Rail grade crossing (19), NPDES wastewater discharge permit (15). 2 correctional facilities operate in the county. EPA AirToxScreen estimates a lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics of 30 in a million, driven mainly by formaldehyde.

Rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 people. A cancer signal is marked significant when the lower bound of its 95 percent confidence interval is above the U.S. rate. Facility counts use active federal records located inside the county boundary. Approximate county center: 33.9879, -91.7093.

How this county ranks in Arkansas

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Cancer deaths and new cases versus the United States

Source: NCI and CDC State Cancer Profiles, both sexes, all ages. Sorted by the ratio of the county rate to the U.S. rate.

Cancer rates for Lincoln County compared with the United States
Cancer	Measure	County rate	U.S. rate	Times U.S.	95% interval	Years
Lung & bronchus	Deaths	60.1	30.2	1.99xSignificant	43.9 to 80.9	2020-2024
Lung & bronchus	New cases	81.7	51.8	1.58xSignificant	62.9 to 104.9	2019-2023
Bladder	New cases	26.9	18.7	1.44x	16.6 to 41.9	2019-2023
All cancer	Deaths	177.1	143.2	1.24xSignificant	148.3 to 210.3	2020-2024
Kidney & renal pelvis	New cases	21.3	17.9	1.19x	12 to 35.3	2019-2023
All cancer	New cases	468.7	453.4	1.03x	421.1 to 520.6	2019-2023
Melanoma of the skin	New cases	24	23.8	1.01x	14.4 to 38.3	2019-2023

Mortality measures versus the U.S. county median

Source: County Health Rankings, built from CDC National Vital Statistics System death records. The comparison value is the median of all U.S. counties.

Mortality measures for Lincoln County
Measure	County	U.S. median	Difference	Unit
Premature death	11,302.5	9,842.6	+15%	years of life lost before age 75 per 100,000
Life expectancy	72.6	75.3	-4%	years
Child mortality	115.4	59.8	+93%	deaths under age 18 per 100,000
Infant mortality	n/a	6.2	n/a	deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Injury deaths	110.3	96.9	+14%	deaths per 100,000
Drug overdose deaths	n/a	28.6	n/a	deaths per 100,000

Air toxics and air quality

EPA AirToxScreen 2020

Lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics: 30 in a million. EPA treats 100 in a million as the upper end of acceptable risk and 1 in a million as the goal.

Formaldehyde22.93 per million
Carbon Tetrachloride2.94 per million
Acetaldehyde2.25 per million
Benzene0.62 per million

EPA Air Quality Index

No EPA air quality monitor reports daily AQI for this county.

Regulated facilities, sites and hazards by type

86 active records inside the county from EPA ECHO, TRI, Superfund, Brownfields, NPDES, EIA, FAA, FRA and corrections data.

Industrial wastewater discharge28
Rail grade crossing19
NPDES wastewater discharge permit15
Gas station (mapped facility)6
Air permit holder (minor source)5
Auto repair or body shop (mapped facility)4
Correctional facility (prison or jail)2
Scrapyard (mapped facility)2
Wastewater plant (mapped facility)2
Major air pollution source1
Public airport1
Brownfield property1

Highest-severity records

The 25 records with the highest Envyrofax severity in the county, with the agency identifier to cite in a records request.

Enable Mrt - Glendale Compressor, Star City
Major air pollution source.
EPA FRS registry ID 110001705904 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Lincoln County - Lincoln County Detention Center, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit. Penalties $1,000.
EPA FRS registry ID 110070571370 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.5
Arkansas Department Of Parks Heritage & Tourism - Cane Creek State Park, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010064919 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Star City Wwtp, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055983869 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3.3
Day &Amp; Day Llc Property, Gould
Brownfield property.
EPA FRS registry ID 110071976317 (U.S. EPA Brownfields (ACRES)) Agency record
Severity 3
Grady, City Of-Wwtp, Grady
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010065883 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 3
Arkansas Dept Of Correction - Cummins Unit, Grady
Industrial wastewater discharge. Violation Identified.
NPDES permit AR0040827: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 3
Gould, City Of-Wwtf, Gould
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010066953 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2.8
Star City, City Of - Wastewater Treatment Facility, Star City
Industrial wastewater discharge. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit AR0046477: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.7
Gould, City Of, Gould
Industrial wastewater discharge. No Violation Identified.
NPDES permit AR0021679: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 2.5
Arkansas Dept Of Correction - Cummins Unit, Grady
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110010065650 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 2
Jb West Municipal Airport, Star City
Public airport. O.
Record ID 55M (FAA / U.S. DOT)
Severity 2
Wastewater Plant
Wastewater plant (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/486217224 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Wastewater Plant
Wastewater plant (mapped facility). Mapped facility presence only; no compliance or exposure measurements.
Record ID way/860418016 (OpenStreetMap contributors) Agency record
Severity 2
Lincoln County - Lincoln County Detention Center, Star City
Correctional facility (prison or jail).
EPA FRS registry ID 110070571370 (U.S. EPA ECHO + SDWIS) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Lincoln County - Lincoln County Detention Center, Star City
Industrial wastewater discharge. Violation Identified.
NPDES permit AR0053112: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 1.8
Helena Agri-Enterprises, Llc, Gould
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110069347184 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.8
Arkansas Department Of Parks Heritage & Tourism - Cane Creek State Park, Star City
Industrial wastewater discharge. Significant/Category I Noncompliance.
NPDES permit AR0045888: (U.S. EPA NPDES)
Severity 1.6
Triosim Corporation, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110028135462 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Select Concrete Co. Llc, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110042091143 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Robert Floyd Sawmill, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110046103747 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Star City Solid Waste Compactor Station, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055022844 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Golden Lane Gravel, Llc, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110055022871 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
O & M Oil Company, Star City
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110056285639 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5
Southwestern Bell Telephone Company, Llc - Communication Line Install At&T A054p, Grady
NPDES wastewater discharge permit.
EPA FRS registry ID 110072001373 (U.S. EPA ECHO) Agency record
Severity 1.5

Correctional facilities

Prisons, jails and corrections operations with an EPA facility record, and the drinking water and wastewater compliance attached to them.

Lincoln County - Lincoln County Detention Center, Star City
EPA FRS registry ID
110070571370
Wastewater permit
Yes, 5 quarters in noncompliance
EPA detailed facility report
Arkansas Dept Of Correction - Cummins Unit, Grady
EPA FRS registry ID
110010065650
Wastewater permit
Yes, 2 quarters in noncompliance
EPA detailed facility report

Discovery / public records

Records to request for Lincoln County

Arkansas state cancer registry
Cancer incidence counts by census tract or ZIP code, by cancer type and year (de-identified). Any cancer cluster inquiries or investigations in Lincoln County, and their findings.
Arkansas vital statistics office
Death certificate counts by cause of death and residence tract or ZIP code, and the years behind the mortality measures above.
Arkansas health department, environmental epidemiology
Health consultations or assessments by ATSDR or the state health department covering the county, and any exposure investigations.
Arkansas environmental agency and the U.S. EPA regional office
Compliance history, inspection reports, notices of violation, penalties and enforcement actions for each facility above, cited by EPA FRS registry ID.
Arkansas drinking water program
Violation notices, sampling results and sanitary surveys for the public water systems serving the county, including any system serving a correctional facility.
Department of corrections or county sheriff
Water testing, grievances and environmental health inspections for the correctional facilities listed above.

Each Envyrofax address report includes a printable records request worksheet with the custodian and the exact request wording per finding.

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